Codes and Frequencies
Description
For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPUBHC indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a public hospital for this problem.
Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables.
For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public health centers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in STIADPUBHC.
Comparability — Index
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GENERAL Afghanistan Angola Bangladesh Burkina Faso Central African Republic Chad |
Comoros Egypt Gabon Liberia Madagascar Mali |
Namibia Nepal Senegal South Africa Yemen Zimbabwe |
Comparability
Along with universe differences, STIADPUBHC varies slightly in question wording. Most commonly, this response category is organized under a "Public Sector" header and is worded as "government health center." However, some countries diverge from this standard convention, and, in some cases, multiple categories were consolidated to form a single, more comprehensive response. STIADPUBHC is ultimately concerned with whether the woman mentioned any public health center as a source of treatment, rather than the specific type of health center. Countries of particular interest are noted below.
Additionally, samples vary in how they asked about sexually transmitted infections. For example, surveys in Phase V forward generally asked whether the woman had any STI, a genital sore/ulcer, and a genital discharge. In Phase III, the surveys mentioned additional infections. Due to this variation, researchers are encouraged to review the Survey Text tab for samples of interest.
Comparability - Standard DHS
STIADPUBHC first appears in Phase III of the Standard DHS questionnaire. Women with a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months are asked whether they sought treatment and, if yes, are asked an open-ended question about where treatment was sought (e.g., "Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anywhere else?"). The base universe in this phase was women who had a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the 12 months prior to the interview.
In Phase IV, women are asked closed-ended questions about whether they sought treatment at specific sourced (e.g., "The last time you had (INFECTION), did you seek advice from a health worker in a clinic or hospital?"). Given the conceptual differences between phases, samples from Phase IV are excluded from STIADPUBHC.
In Phase V, STIADPUBHC follows the same format as in Phase III. However, the base universe in these phases was women who had a sexually transmitted infection in the 12 months prior to the interview, thus including women who indicated that they did not seek treatment. To increase comparability across phases, researchers may wish to exclude women who did not seek treatment, using the STIADVICE variable (with women who did not seek advice/treatment coded "0").
STIADPUBHC is removed from the standard DHS questionnaire in Phase VI, although some samples in this phase still included this response category.
Comparability — Afghanistan [top]
In the 2015 Afghanistan survey, under the "Public Sector" header, there are separate categories for "comprehensive health center/polyclinic," "basic health center," and "health sub-center." Because STIADPUBHC focuses on all public health centers, these three responses are consolidated in STIADPUBHC to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
Comparability — Angola [top]
In the 2015 Angola survey, under the "Public Sector" header, there are separate categories for "maternity home," and "health center/post." Because STIADPUBHC focuses on all public health centers, these two responses are consolidated in STIADPUBHC to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
Comparability — Bangladesh [top]
In the 2011 and 2014 Bangladesh surveys, there are separate categories for "maternal and child welfare center" and "health and family welfare center." Because STIADPUBHC focuses on all public health centers, these responses are consolidated in this variable to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
Comparability — Burkina Faso [top]
For the 1998 Burkina Faso survey, under the "Public Sector" header, there are separate categories for "health center," "center for health and social advancement" (translated from "centre de sante et de promotion sociale" (CSPS)), and "maternal and child health center" (translated from centre de sante maternelle et infantile (SMI)). Because STIADPUBHC focuses on all public health centers, these responses are consolidated in this variable to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
Comparability — Central African Republic [top]
In the 1995 Central African Republic survey, under the "Public Sector" header, there are separate categories for "government health center," and "health sub-center." Because STIADPUBHC focuses on all public health centers, these two responses are consolidated in STIADPUBHC to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
Comparability — Chad [top]
In the 1996 and 2014 Chad surveys, organized under a "Public Sector" header, this response category is worded as "health center/dispensary/military infirmary."
Comparability — Comoros [top]
In the 2012 Comoros survey, there are separate categories for "health center," "medica-surgical center," "urban medical center," and "community health center." Because STIADPUBHC focuses on all public health centers, these four responses are consolidated in STIADPUBHC to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
Comparability — Egypt [top]
In the 2005 and 2014 Egypt surveys, there are separate categories for "urban health center," "rural health center," and "maternal and child health (MCH) center." Because STIADPUBHC focuses on all public health centers, these responses are consolidated in this variable to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
- Urban health center is listed is STIADEG7 in IPUMS-DHS
- Rural health center is listed is STIADEG8 in IPUMS-DHS
- MCH center is listed is STIADEG10 in IPUMS-DHS
In the 2008 Egypt survey, "urban health center" and "rural health center" are consolidated into one response category. This response is consolidated with MCH center (STIADEG10) in STIADPUBHC. Additionally, the country-specific "urban/rural health center" is retained and is listed as STIADEG9 in IPUMS-DHS.
Comparability — Gabon [top]
In the 2012 Gabon surveys, under the "Public Sector" header, there are separate categories for "mother and child health center" and "ambulatory treatment center." Because STIADPUBHC focuses on all public health centers, these two responses are consolidated in STIADPUBHC to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
- Mother and child health center is listed as STIADGA5 in IPUMS-DHS
- Ambulatory treatment center is listed as STIADGA6 in IPUMS-DHS
The 2019 Gabon survey includes only âAmbulatory treatment centerâ as a response category.
Comparability — Liberia [top]
In the 2007, 2013 and 2019 Liberia surveys, under the "Public Sector" header, there are separate categories for "government health center," and "government health clinic." Because STIADPUBHC focuses on all public health centers, these two responses are consolidated in STIADPUBHC to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
Comparability — Madagascar [top]
In the 2008 Madagascar survey, under the "Public Sector" header, there are separate categories for "level I health center" and "level II health center." Because STIADPUBHC focuses on all public health centers, these three responses are consolidated in this variable to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
Comparability — Mali [top]
In the 2018 Mali survey, under the "Public Sector" header, there are separate categories for "reference health center" and "community health center." Because STIADPUBHC focuses on all public health centers, these two responses are consolidated in STIADPUBHC to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
Comparability — Namibia [top]
In the 2013 Namibia survey, there are separate categories for "government health center" and " government health care clinic." Because STIADPUBHC focuses on all public health centers, these responses are consolidated in this variable to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
Comparability — Nepal [top]
In the 2006, 2011, and 2016 Nepal surveys, organized under a "Public Sector" header, this response category is worded as "primary health care center."
Comparability — Senegal [top]
In the 2017 Senegal survey, under the "Public Sector" header, there are separate categories for "government health center," and "community health center." Because STIADPUBHC focuses on all public health centers, these two responses are consolidated in STIADPUBHC to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
Comparability — South Africa [top]
The 2016 South Africa sample lists this response category as "Government clinic/community health centre."
Comparability — Yemen [top]
In the 2013 Yemen survey, there are separate categories for "government health center" and "primary health center." Because STIADPUBHC focuses on all public health centers, these responses are consolidated in this variable to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
Comparability — Zimbabwe [top]
In the 2010 and 2015 Zimbabwe surveys, organized under a "Public Sector" header, this response category is worded as "rural health center."
Universe
- Afghanistan 2015: Ever-married women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Angola 2015: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Bangladesh 2011: Ever-married women age 12-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Bangladesh 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Benin 1996: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Benin 2006: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Benin 2011: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Benin 2017: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months, in households selected for the men's survey.
- Burkina Faso 1998: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Burkina Faso 2010: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Burundi 2010: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Burundi 2016: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Cameroon 1998: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Cameroon 2004: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Cameroon 2011: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Central African Republic 1995: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Chad 1996: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Chad 2014: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months, in households selected for the men's survey.
- Comoros 2012: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Congo (Democratic Republic) 2007: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Congo (Democratic Republic) 2013: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Congo Brazzaville 2005: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Congo Brazzaville 2011: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Cote d'Ivoire 1998: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Cote d'Ivoire 2011: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Egypt 2005: Ever-married women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Egypt 2008: Ever-married women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Egypt 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Eswatini (Swaziland) 2006: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Ethiopia 2005: All women age 15-49.
- Ethiopia 2011: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Ethiopia 2016: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Gabon 2012: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Gambia 2013: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Gambia 2019: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Ghana 2008: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Ghana 2014: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Guinea 1999: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Guinea 2005: All women age 15-49.
- Guinea 2012: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Guinea 2018: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- India 2015: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- India 2019: Women age 15-49 in households selected for the state module, who have ever had sex, and who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Kenya 1998: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Kenya 2008: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Kenya 2014: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months, in households selected for the long questionnaire.
- Lesotho 2004: All women age 15-49.
- Lesotho 2009: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Lesotho 2014: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Liberia 2007: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Liberia 2013: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Liberia 2019: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Madagascar 1997: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Madagascar 2008: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months, in households selected for the men's survey.
- Madagascar 2021: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Malawi 2010: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Malawi 2016: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Mali 1995: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Mali 2006: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Mali 2012: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Mali 2018: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Myanmar 2015: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Namibia 2006: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Namibia 2013: Women age 15-64 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Nepal 2006: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Nepal 2011: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Nepal 2016: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Niger 1998: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Niger 2006: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Niger 2012: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Nigeria 1999: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Nigeria 2008: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Nigeria 2013: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Nigeria 2018: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Pakistan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Pakistan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Rwanda 2005: All women age 15-49.
- Rwanda 2010: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Rwanda 2014: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Sao Tome 2008: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Senegal 1997: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Senegal 2010: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Senegal 2014: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Senegal 2015: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Senegal 2016: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Senegal 2017: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Sierra Leone 2008: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Sierra Leone 2013: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Sierra Leone 2019: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- South Africa 2016: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Tanzania 1996: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Tanzania 2004: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Tanzania 2010: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Togo 1998: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex, who have heard of STIs, and who have had an STI for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Togo 2013: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Uganda 1995: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Uganda 2006: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Uganda 2011: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Uganda 2016: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Yemen 2013: Ever-married women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Zambia 1996: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Zambia 2007: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Zambia 2013: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Zambia 2018: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Zimbabwe 1994: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Zimbabwe 1999: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Zimbabwe 2005: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Zimbabwe 2010: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Zimbabwe 2015: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
