Codes and Frequencies
Description
BFEEDANYNOW (V404) indicates whether the woman is currently breastfeeding. If no child was born in the last three to five years, the respondent is assumed to not be breastfeeding.
When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all children of the mother to be coded the same way.
This variable has some variation in how current breastfeeding is determined. See Comparability.
Comparability — Index
Comparability
Along with universe differences, BFEEDANYNOW (V404) has some comparability issues in terms of how current breastfeeding is determined.
The majority of phase I, II, and VI surveys determine whether the woman is currently breastfeeding by asking whether she is currently breastfeeding her last-born living child (born in the last three to five years). A few surveys ask about breastfeeding the last-born and second-to-last born children.
Alternatively, phase III and IV surveys largely determine current breastfeeding by asking whether any living child born in the last three to five years is currently being breastfed.
Not all surveys align by questionnaire phase. Surveys that depart from asking only about the last born child and instead ask about two or any living children are noted below. While most surveys ask about children born in the five years before the survey, many ask only about children born in the last three years; surveys that use a reference period of less than five years are also noted below.
Comparability - Standard DHS
BFEEDANYNOW (V404) is included in all phases of the standard DHS questionnaire.
Comparability — Bangladesh [top]
The 1997, 2000, 2004, and 2007 Bangladesh surveys ask about any living child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
The 1994 and 2014 Bangladesh surveys ask only about the last-born child born in the three years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding. The 20111 Bangladesh survey asks only about the last-born child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — Benin [top]
The Benin 1996 survey asks about any living child born in the three years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
The Benin 2001 and 2006 surveys ask about any living child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — Burkina Faso [top]
The Burkina Faso 2003 survey asks about any living child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — Chad [top]
The 1996 Chad survey asks about the last two children born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
The 2004 Chad survey asks about any living child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — Cote d'Ivoire [top]
The Cote d'Ivoire 1998 survey asks about the last two children born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
The Cote d'Ivoire 1994 survey follows the majority of surveys in only using the last born child to determine breastfeeding. However, the question is only asked of women who have given birth in the last three years.
Comparability — Egypt [top]
The Egypt 1995, 2000, 2003, 2005 and 2008 surveys ask about any living child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — Ethiopia [top]
The Ethiopia 2000 survey asks about any living child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — Ghana [top]
The Ghana 2003 survey asks about any living child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — Guinea [top]
The Guinea 1999 survey asks about the last two children born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
The Guinea 2005 survey asks about any living child born in the in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — India [top]
The India 1998 survey asks about the last two children born in the three years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
The India 2005 survey asks about any living child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — Jordan [top]
The 1997 and 2002 Jordan surveys ask about any living child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — Kenya [top]
The Kenya 1998 survey asks about any living child born in the three years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
The Kenya 2003 survey asks about any living child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — Lesotho [top]
The 2004 Lesotho survey asks about any living child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — Malawi [top]
The Malawi 2000 and 2004 surveys ask about any living child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — Mali [top]
The Mali 1995 survey asks about any living child born in the three years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
The Mali 2001 and 2006 surveys ask about any living child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — Mozambique [top]
The Mozambique 1997 survey asks about any living child born in the three years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
The Mozambique 2003 survey asks about any living child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — Namibia [top]
The 2000 Namibia survey asks about any living child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — Nepal [top]
The 1996 Nepal survey asks about any living child born in the three years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
The 2001 Nepal survey asks about any living child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — Niger [top]
The Niger 1998 survey asks about any living child born in the three years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
The Niger 2006 survey asks about any living child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — Nigeria [top]
The Nigeria 1999 survey asks about any living child born in the three years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
The Nigeria 2003 survey asks about any living child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — Senegal [top]
The 1992, 2005, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2015, and 2016 Senegal surveys ask about any living child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — South Africa [top]
The 1998 South Africa survey asks about any living child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — Tanzania [top]
The Tanzania 1996 survey asks about the last two children born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
The Tanzania 1999 and 2004 surveys ask about any living child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — Uganda [top]
The Uganda 1995 survey asks about any living child born in the four years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — Zambia [top]
The Zambia 1996 and 2001 surveys ask about any living child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Comparability — Zimbabwe [top]
The Zimbabwe 1994 survey asks about any living child born in the three years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
The Zimbabwe 1999 and 2005 surveys ask about any living child born in the five years before the survey to determine current breastfeeding.
Universe
- Afghanistan 2015: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Angola 2015: All women age 15-49.
- Bangladesh 1994: Ever-married women age 10-49.
- Bangladesh 1997: Ever-married women age 10-49.
- Bangladesh 2000: Ever-married women age 10-49.
- Bangladesh 2004: Ever-married women age 10-49.
- Bangladesh 2007: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Bangladesh 2011: Ever-married women age 12-49.
- Bangladesh 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Bangladesh 2018: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Benin 1996: All women age 15-49.
- Benin 2001: All women age 15-49.
- Benin 2006: All women age 15-49.
- Benin 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Benin 2017: All women age 15-49.
- Burkina Faso 1993: All women age 15-49.
- Burkina Faso 1998: All women age 15-49.
- Burkina Faso 2003: All women age 15-49.
- Burkina Faso 2010: All women age 15-49.
- Burundi 1987: All women age 15-49.
- Burundi 2010: All women age 15-49.
- Burundi 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Cameroon 1991: All women age 15-49.
- Cameroon 1998: All women age 15-49.
- Cameroon 2004: All women age 15-49.
- Cameroon 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Cameroon 2018: All women age 15-49.
- Central African Republic 1995: All women age 15-49.
- Chad 1996: All women age 15-49.
- Chad 2004: All women age 15-49.
- Chad 2014: All women age 15-49.
- Comoros 1996: All women age 15-49.
- Comoros 2012: All women age 15-49.
- Congo (Democratic Republic) 2007: All women age 15-49.
- Congo (Democratic Republic) 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Congo Brazzaville 2005: All women age 15-49.
- Congo Brazzaville 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Cote d'Ivoire 1994: All women age 15-49.
- Cote d'Ivoire 1998: All women age 15-49.
- Cote d'Ivoire 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Egypt 1988: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Egypt 1992: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Egypt 1995: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Egypt 2000: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Egypt 2003: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Egypt 2005: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Egypt 2008: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Egypt 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Eswatini (Swaziland) 2006: All women age 15-49.
- Ethiopia 2000: All women age 15-49.
- Ethiopia 2005: All women age 15-49.
- Ethiopia 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Ethiopia 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Ethiopia 2019: All women age 15-49.
- Gabon 2000: All women age 15-49.
- Gabon 2012: All women age 15-49.
- Gambia 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Gambia 2019: All women age 15-49.
- Ghana 1988: All women age 15-49.
- Ghana 1993: All women age 15-49.
- Ghana 1998: All women age 15-49.
- Ghana 2003: All women age 15-49.
- Ghana 2008: All women age 15-49.
- Ghana 2014: All women age 15-49.
- Guinea 1999: All women age 15-49.
- Guinea 2005: All women age 15-49.
- Guinea 2012: All women age 15-49.
- Guinea 2018: All women age 15-49.
- India 1992: Ever-married women age 13-49.
- India 1998: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- India 2005: All women age 15-49.
- India 2015: All women age 15-49.
- India 2019: All women age 15-49.
- Jordan 1990: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Jordan 1997: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Jordan 2002: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Jordan 2007: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Jordan 2009: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Jordan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Jordan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Kenya 1989: All women age 15-49.
- Kenya 1993: All women age 15-49.
- Kenya 1998: All women age 15-49.
- Kenya 2003: All women age 15-49.
- Kenya 2008: All women age 15-49.
- Kenya 2014: All women age 15-49.
- Lesotho 2004: All women age 15-49.
- Lesotho 2009: All women age 15-49.
- Lesotho 2014: All women age 15-49.
- Liberia 1986: All women age 15-49.
- Liberia 2007: All women age 15-49.
- Liberia 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Liberia 2019: All women age 15-49.
- Madagascar 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Madagascar 1997: All women age 15-49.
- Madagascar 2003: All women age 15-49.
- Madagascar 2008: All women age 15-49.
- Madagascar 2021: All women age 15-49.
- Malawi 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Malawi 2000: All women age 15-49.
- Malawi 2004: All women age 15-49.
- Malawi 2010: All women age 15-49.
- Malawi 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Mali 1987: All women age 15-49.
- Mali 1995: All women age 15-49.
- Mali 2001: All women age 15-49.
- Mali 2006: All women age 15-49.
- Mali 2012: All women age 15-49.
- Mali 2018: All women age 15-49.
- Morocco 1987: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Morocco 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Morocco 2003: All women age 15-49.
- Mozambique 1997: All women age 15-49.
- Mozambique 2003: All women age 15-49.
- Mozambique 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Myanmar 2015: All women age 15-49.
- Namibia 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Namibia 2000: All women age 15-49.
- Namibia 2006: All women age 15-49.
- Namibia 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Nepal 1996: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Nepal 2001: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Nepal 2006: All women age 15-49.
- Nepal 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Nepal 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Niger 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Niger 1998: All women age 15-49.
- Niger 2006: All women age 15-49.
- Niger 2012: All women age 15-49.
- Nigeria 1990: All women age 15-49.
- Nigeria 1999: All women age 10-49.
- Nigeria 2003: All women age 15-49.
- Nigeria 2008: All women age 15-49.
- Nigeria 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Nigeria 2018: All women age 15-49.
- Pakistan 1991: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Pakistan 2006: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Pakistan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Pakistan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Rwanda 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Rwanda 2000: All women age 15-49.
- Rwanda 2005: All women age 15-49.
- Rwanda 2008: All women age 15-49.
- Rwanda 2010: All women age 15-49.
- Rwanda 2014: All women age 15-49.
- Rwanda 2019: All women age 15-49.
- Sao Tome 2008: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 1986: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 1997: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2005: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2010: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2012: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2014: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2015: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2017: All women age 15-49.
- Sierra Leone 2008: All women age 15-49.
- Sierra Leone 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Sierra Leone 2019: All women age 15-49.
- South Africa 1998: All women age 15-49.
- South Africa 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Sri Lanka 1987: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Sudan 1989: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Tanzania 1991: All women age 15-49.
- Tanzania 1996: All women age 15-49.
- Tanzania 1999: All women age 15-49.
- Tanzania 2004: All women age 15-49.
- Tanzania 2010: All women age 15-49.
- Tanzania 2015: All women age 15-49.
- Togo 1988: All women age 15-49.
- Togo 1998: All women age 15-49.
- Togo 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Tunisia 1988: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Uganda 1988: All women age 15-49.
- Uganda 1995: All women age 15-49.
- Uganda 2001: All women age 15-49.
- Uganda 2006: All women age 15-49.
- Uganda 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Uganda 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Yemen 1991: Ever-married women age 15-54.
- Yemen 2013: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Zambia 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Zambia 1996: All women age 15-49.
- Zambia 2001: All women age 15-49.
- Zambia 2007: All women age 15-49.
- Zambia 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Zambia 2018: All women age 15-49.
- Zimbabwe 1988: All women age 15-49.
- Zimbabwe 1994: All women age 15-49.
- Zimbabwe 1999: All women age 15-49.
- Zimbabwe 2005: All women age 15-49.
- Zimbabwe 2010: All women age 15-49.
- Zimbabwe 2015: All women age 15-49.