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BIRTHWTREF_ALL (M19A_X)
Source of weight at birth (health card or recall)
Return to General maternal and infant health variables list

BIRTHWTREF_ALL variables are 1-digit variables.

Codes

0 = Not weighed
1 = From written card
2 = From mother's recall
3 = Other answers
7 = Don't know
8 = Missing
9 = NIU (not in universe)

Description

For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, BIRTHWTREF_ALL (M19A_x) indicates whether the child's reported weight at birth (BIRTHWT_ALL) was recorded from a health card or based on the mother's recall. Children who were not weighed are coded 9996.

BIRTHWTREF_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BIRTHWTREF_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., BIRTHWTREF_02, BIRTHWTREF_03, BIRTHWTREF_04, BIRTHWTREF_05, and BIRTHWTREF_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If BIRTHWTREF_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file.

This information was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BIRTHWTREF_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS.

Comparability

Apart from universe differences, BIRTHWTREF_ALL (M19A_x) is comparable across samples.

Comparability - Standard DHS

BIRTHWTREF_ALL (M19A_x) is included in the standard DHS questionnaire for Phase 3 forward.

Universe

  • Afghanistan 2015: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Angola 2015: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Bangladesh 2018: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Benin 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Benin 2001: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Benin 2006: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Benin 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Benin 2017: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Burkina Faso 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Burkina Faso 2003: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Burkina Faso 2010: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Burundi 2010: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Burundi 2016: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Cameroon 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Cameroon 2004: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Cameroon 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Cameroon 2018: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Central African Republic 1995: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Chad 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Chad 2004: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Chad 2014: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Comoros 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Comoros 2012: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Congo (Democratic Republic) 2007: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Congo (Democratic Republic) 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Congo Brazzaville 2005: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Congo Brazzaville 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Cote d'Ivoire 1994: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Cote d'Ivoire 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Cote d'Ivoire 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Egypt 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Eswatini (Swaziland) 2006: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ethiopia 2000: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ethiopia 2005: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ethiopia 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ethiopia 2016: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Gabon 2000: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Gabon 2012: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Gambia 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Gambia 2019: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ghana 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ghana 2003: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ghana 2008: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ghana 2014: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Guinea 1999: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Guinea 2005: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Guinea 2012: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Guinea 2018: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • India 2005: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • India 2015: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • India 2019: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Jordan 1997: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Jordan 2002: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Jordan 2007: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Jordan 2009: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Jordan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Jordan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Kenya 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Kenya 2003: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Kenya 2008: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Kenya 2014: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Lesotho 2004: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Lesotho 2009: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Lesotho 2014: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Liberia 2007: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Liberia 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Liberia 2019: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Madagascar 1997: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Madagascar 2003: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Madagascar 2008: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Madagascar 2021: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Malawi 2000: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Malawi 2004: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Malawi 2010: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Malawi 2016: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Mali 1995: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Mali 2001: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Mali 2006: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Mali 2012: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Mali 2018: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Morocco 2003: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Mozambique 1997: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Mozambique 2003: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Mozambique 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Myanmar 2015: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Namibia 2000: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Namibia 2006: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Namibia 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nepal 2006: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nepal 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nepal 2016: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Niger 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Niger 2006: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Niger 2012: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nigeria 1999: Women age 10-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Nigeria 2003: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nigeria 2008: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nigeria 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nigeria 2018: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Pakistan 2006: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Pakistan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Pakistan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Rwanda 2000: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Rwanda 2005: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Rwanda 2010: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Rwanda 2014: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Rwanda 2019: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Sao Tome 2008: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Senegal 2005: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Senegal 2010: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Senegal 2012: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Senegal 2014: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Senegal 2015: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Senegal 2016: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Senegal 2017: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Sierra Leone 2008: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Sierra Leone 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Sierra Leone 2019: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • South Africa 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • South Africa 2016: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Tanzania 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Tanzania 1999: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Tanzania 2004: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Tanzania 2010: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Tanzania 2015: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Togo 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Togo 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Uganda 1995: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 4 years before the survey.
  • Uganda 2001: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Uganda 2006: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Uganda 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Uganda 2016: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Yemen 2013: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zambia 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zambia 2001: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zambia 2007: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zambia 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zimbabwe 1999: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zimbabwe 2005: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zimbabwe 2010: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zimbabwe 2015: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Afghanistan: 2015-W, 2015-W
  • Angola: 2015-W, 2015-W
  • Bangladesh: 2018-W
  • Benin: 1996-W, 2001-W, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2017-W, 2017-W
  • Burkina Faso: 1998-W, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2010-W, 2010-W
  • Burundi: 2010-W, 2010-W, 2016-W, 2016-W
  • Cameroon: 1998-W, 2004-W, 2011-W, 2018-W
  • Central African Republic: 1995-W
  • Chad: 1996-W, 2004-W, 2014-W
  • Comoros: 1996-W, 2012-W
  • Congo (Democratic Republic): 2007-W, 2013-W
  • Congo Brazzaville: 2005-W, 2011-W
  • Cote d'Ivoire: 1994-W, 1998-W, 2011-W
  • Egypt: 2014-W, 2014-W
  • Eswatini (Swaziland): 2006-W, 2006-W
  • Ethiopia: 2000-W, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2016-W, 2016-W
  • Gabon: 2000-W, 2012-W
  • Gambia: 2013-W, 2019-W
  • Ghana: 1998-W, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2014-W, 2014-W
  • Guinea: 1999-W, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2012-W, 2018-W, 2018-W
  • India: 2005-W, 2005-W, 2015-W, 2015-W, 2019-W
  • Jordan: 1997-W, 1997-W, 2002-W, 2002-W, 2007-W, 2007-W, 2009-W, 2009-W, 2012-W, 2012-W, 2017-W, 2017-W
  • Kenya: 1998-W, 1998-W, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2014-W, 2014-W
  • Lesotho: 2004-W, 2009-W, 2009-W, 2014-W, 2014-W
  • Liberia: 2007-W, 2013-W, 2013-W, 2019-W
  • Madagascar: 1997-W, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2021-W
  • Malawi: 2000-W, 2000-W, 2004-W, 2004-W, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2016-W, 2016-W
  • Mali: 1995-W, 2001-W, 2001-W, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2012-W, 2012-W, 2018-W, 2018-W
  • Morocco: 2003-W, 2003-W
  • Mozambique: 1997-W, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2011-W, 2011-W
  • Myanmar: 2015-W, 2015-W
  • Namibia: 2000-W, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2013-W, 2013-W
  • Nepal: 2006-W, 2006-W, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2016-W, 2016-W
  • Niger: 1998-W, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2012-W, 2012-W
  • Nigeria: 1999-W, 2003-W, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2013-W, 2013-W, 2018-W, 2018-W
  • Pakistan: 2006-W, 2012-W, 2012-W, 2017-W, 2017-W
  • Rwanda: 2000-W, 2000-W, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2019-W
  • Sao Tome: 2008-W
  • Senegal: 2005-W, 2005-W, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2012-W, 2012-W, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2015-W, 2015-W, 2016-W, 2016-W, 2017-W, 2017-W
  • Sierra Leone: 2008-W, 2013-W, 2019-W
  • South Africa: 1998-W, 2016-W, 2016-W
  • Tanzania: 1996-W, 1999-W, 2004-W, 2004-W, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2015-W, 2015-W
  • Togo: 1998-W, 2013-W
  • Uganda: 1995-W, 2001-W, 2001-W, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2016-W, 2016-W
  • Yemen: 2013-W, 2013-W
  • Zambia: 1996-W, 2001-W, 2007-W, 2007-W, 2013-W, 2013-W
  • Zimbabwe: 1999-W, 1999-W, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2015-W, 2015-W