Codes and Frequencies
Description
For women in households where electricity or gas was not used for fuel, COOKHOW (HV239) indicates whether food was cooked on an open heat source (such as an open hire or open stove) or on a closed heat source (such as a closed stove with chimney).
Cooking over an open fire produces indoor air pollution associated with lung diseases such as asthma, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The degree of detail in responses varies across surveys; see Comparability.
The information in COOKHOW is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis.
Comparability — Index
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GENERAL |
India |
Comparability
Along with universe differences, the responses for COOKHOW (HV239) vary across surveys. To accommodate this variation, IPUMS-DHS uses composite coding, where the first digit broadly distinguishes between open heat sources (code 1) and closed heat sources (code 2). The second digit provides additional detail, such as whether cooking was done over a fire or over a stove, or whether the open heat source had a chimney/hood that channeled smoke to some extent. Due to the variation in response categories across surveys, researchers should consult the Survey Text tab for samples of interest.
Comparability - Standard DHS
COOKHOW (HV239) is included in the Standard DHS household questionnaire in Phase 5.
Comparability — India [top]
The 2015 and 2019 Indian surveys ask about cooking food on a "chullah," a traditional Indian stove made of clay, which burns wood, dung, or crop waste and produces a lot of smoke inside the house.
Universe
- Cameroon 2011: Women age 15-49 whose household cooks food in house and does not use electricity, LPG, natural gas, or biogas as cooking fuel.
- Cote d'Ivoire 2011: Women age 15-49 whose household cooks food in house.
- Egypt 2005: Ever-married women age 15-49 whose household does not use electricity, LPG, natural gas, or biogas as cooking fuel.
- Eswatini (Swaziland) 2006: Women age 15-49 who are members of households that cook food in the household and do not use electricity, charcoal, wood, or gas as cooking fuel.
- Ethiopia 2005: Women age 15-49 whose household does not use electricity, LPG, natural gas, or biogas as cooking fuel.
- Ghana 2008: Women age 15-49 whose household cooks food in house and does not use electricity, LPG, natural gas, or biogas as cooking fuel.
- India 2005: Women age 15-49 whose household does not use electricity, LPG, natural gas, or biogas as cooking fuel.
- India 2015: Women age 15-49 whose household cooks food in the house and does not use electricity, lpg/natural gas, or biogas as cooking fuel.
- India 2019: Women age 15-49 in households where food is cooked using fuels other than electricity, natural gas, and biogas.
- Lesotho 2009: Members of households that cook food in the house and do not use electricity, lpg/natural gas, or biogas as cooking fuel.
- Madagascar 2008: Women age 15-49 whose household cooks food in house and does not use electricity, LPG, natural gas, or biogas as cooking fuel.
- Malawi 2010: Women age 15-49 whose household cooks food in house and does not use electricity, LPG, natural gas, biogas, or kerosene as cooking fuel.
- Namibia 2006: Women age 15-49 in households that cook food in the house and do not use electricity, LPG, natural gas, or biogas as cooking fuel.
- Nepal 2006: Men age 15-49 in households that cook food in the house and do not use electricity, lpg/natural gas, or biogas as cooking fuel.
- Nigeria 2008: Women age 15-49 whose household cooks food in house and does not use electricity, LPG, natural gas, or biogas as cooking fuel.
- Sao Tome 2008: Women age 15-49 whose household cooks food in house.
- Sierra Leone 2008: Women age 15-49 whose household cooks food in house.
- Sierra Leone 2013: Women age 15-49 in households that cook food in the house.
- Uganda 2006: Women age 15-49 whose household cooks food in house and does not use electricity, LPG, natural gas, biogas, or kerosene as cooking fuel.
- Zambia 2007: Women age 15-49 whose household cooks food in house and does not use electricity, LPG, natural gas, or biogas as cooking fuel.
- Zimbabwe 2005: Women age 15-49 whose household cooks food in house and does not use electricity, LPG, natural gas, or biogas as cooking fuel.
