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DIATRORSHEARD (V416)
Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment
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Codes and Frequencies



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Description

DIATRORSHEARD (V416) indicates whether the woman ever heard of using an oral rehydration solution (ORS) to treat diarrhea. ORS generally consists of drinking water with the addition of sugar and salt (in a homemade solution) or a commercial mixture of salt, glucose, potassium chloride, and sodium bicarbonate added to clean water.

Comparability — Index

GENERAL
Benin
Burkina Faso
 Egypt
Niger
Nigeria
 Rwanda
Zimbabwe

Comparability

In addition to changes in universes and response codes across phases (see below), DIATRORSHEARD (V416) also varies in question wording across samples. Most surveys specifically ask if the woman has heard of ORS, or the local name for ORS, but some surveys only ask about a "special packet" without giving it a name. See below or the Survey Text tab for more information.

To maximize comparability, IPUMS-DHS utilizes composite coding and a 2-digit system. Broadly, the first digit indicates whether the woman has 1) not heard of ORS or 2) has heard of ORS, while the second digit provides additional detail. For example, code "22" indicates that the woman has only heard of ORS, while code "21" indicates that the woman has also used ORS. See Codes.

Comparability - Standard DHS

DIATRORSHEARD (V416) is included in the standard DHS questionnaire for Phase I forward.

In Phase I, respondents are asked whether they have ever heard of a special product (ORS) to treat children with diarrhea.

In Phase II, the question remains the same, but the variable DIATRORSHEARD distinguishes between responses indicating that the respondent has used ORS to treat a child with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, based on an earlier question, responses indicating that she has heard of ORS, and responses indicating that she recognizes the ORS packet.

In Phase III forward, the distinction between using and having heard of ORS remains, but there is no longer a question asking if the woman recognizes the ORS packet.

In Phases I and II, the base universe for this variable included only women who had given birth in the five years before the interview. In subsequent phases, the universe expanded to include all interviewed women.

Comparability — Benin [top]

The 2011 Benin asks about a special product called ORS [or local name] as well as a "pre-packaged ORS liquid with zinc."

Comparability — Burkina Faso [top]

The 1993 Burkina Faso survey asks, "Have you ever heard of a special packet of powder that you can get for the treatment of diarrhea and vomiting?"

Comparability — Egypt [top]

The 1988 Egypt survey asks, "Have you heard about mahloul el-gaffaf [oral rehydration therapy]?" The 1992, 1995, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2008, and 2014 Egypt surveys ask about "mahloul moalget el-gaffaf [oral rehydration therapy]."

Comparability — Niger [top]

The 1992 Niger survey asks about a "special packet of powder," without specifying any name.

Comparability — Nigeria [top]

The 1990 Nigeria survey asks, "Have you ever seen a packet like this before?" rather than asking whether they have heard about ORS.

Comparability — Rwanda [top]

The 1992 Rwanda survey asks about a "special product contained in a packet."

Comparability — Zimbabwe [top]

The 1988, 1994, and 1999 Zimbabwe surveys ask about a sugar-salt-water solution.

Universe

  • Afghanistan 2015: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Angola 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Benin 1996: All women age 15-49.
  • Benin 2001: All women age 15-49.
  • Benin 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Benin 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 3 years to any children who are still alive.
  • Benin 2017: All women age 15-49.
  • Burkina Faso 1993: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Burkina Faso 1998: All women age 15-49.
  • Burkina Faso 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Burkina Faso 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Burundi 1987: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Burundi 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Burundi 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Cameroon 1991: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Cameroon 1998: All women age 15-49.
  • Cameroon 2004: All women age 15-49.
  • Cameroon 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Cameroon 2018: All women age 15-49.
  • Central African Republic 1995: All women age 15-49.
  • Chad 1996: All women age 15-49.
  • Chad 2004: All women age 15-49.
  • Chad 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Comoros 1996: All women age 15-49.
  • Comoros 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Congo (Democratic Republic) 2007: All women age 15-49.
  • Congo (Democratic Republic) 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Congo Brazzaville 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • Congo Brazzaville 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Cote d'Ivoire 1994: All women age 15-49.
  • Cote d'Ivoire 1998: All women age 15-49.
  • Cote d'Ivoire 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Egypt 1988: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Egypt 1992: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Egypt 1995: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Egypt 2000: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Egypt 2003: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Egypt 2005: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Egypt 2008: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Egypt 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Eswatini (Swaziland) 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Ethiopia 2000: All women age 15-49.
  • Ethiopia 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • Ethiopia 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Ethiopia 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Gabon 2000: All women age 15-49.
  • Gabon 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Gambia 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Gambia 2019: All women age 15-49.
  • Ghana 1988: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Ghana 1993: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 3 years.
  • Ghana 1998: All women age 15-49.
  • Ghana 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Ghana 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Ghana 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Guinea 1999: All women age 15-49.
  • Guinea 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • Guinea 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Guinea 2018: All women age 15-49.
  • India 1992: Ever-married women age 13-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • India 1998: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • India 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • India 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • India 2019: All women age 15-49.
  • Jordan 1990: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Jordan 1997: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Jordan 2002: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Jordan 2007: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Jordan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Jordan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Kenya 1993: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Kenya 1998: All women age 15-49.
  • Kenya 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Kenya 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Kenya 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Lesotho 2004: All women age 15-49.
  • Lesotho 2009: All women age 15-49.
  • Lesotho 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Liberia 2007: All women age 15-49.
  • Liberia 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Liberia 2019: All women age 15-49.
  • Madagascar 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Madagascar 1997: All women age 15-49.
  • Madagascar 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Madagascar 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Madagascar 2021: All women age 15-49.
  • Malawi 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Malawi 2000: All women age 15-49.
  • Malawi 2004: All women age 15-49.
  • Malawi 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Malawi 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Mali 1987: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Mali 1995: All women age 15-49.
  • Mali 2001: All women age 15-49.
  • Mali 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Mali 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Mali 2018: All women age 15-49.
  • Morocco 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Morocco 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Mozambique 1997: All women age 15-49.
  • Mozambique 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Mozambique 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Myanmar 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Namibia 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Namibia 2000: All women age 15-49.
  • Namibia 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Namibia 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Nepal 1996: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 3 years.
  • Nepal 2001: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Nepal 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Nepal 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Nepal 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Niger 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Niger 1998: All women age 15-49.
  • Niger 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Niger 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 1990: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Nigeria 1999: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 2018: All women age 15-49.
  • Pakistan 1991: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Pakistan 2006: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Pakistan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Rwanda 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Rwanda 2000: All women age 15-49.
  • Rwanda 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • Rwanda 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Rwanda 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Rwanda 2019: All women age 15-49.
  • Sao Tome 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Senegal 1997: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Senegal 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2017: All women age 15-49.
  • Sierra Leone 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Sierra Leone 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Sierra Leone 2019: All women age 15-49.
  • South Africa 1998: All women age 15-49.
  • South Africa 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Sri Lanka 1987: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Sudan 1989: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Tanzania 1991: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Tanzania 1996: All women age 15-49.
  • Tanzania 2004: All women age 15-49.
  • Tanzania 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Tanzania 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Togo 1988: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the past 5 years who did not previously indicate giving their child ORS for diarrhea.
  • Togo 1998: All women age 15-49.
  • Togo 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Tunisia 1988: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Uganda 1988: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Uganda 1995: All women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 2001: All women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Yemen 1991: Ever-married women age 15-54 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Yemen 2013: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Zambia 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the last 5 years.
  • Zambia 1996: All women age 15-49.
  • Zambia 2001: All women age 15-49.
  • Zambia 2007: All women age 15-49.
  • Zambia 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Zambia 2018: All women age 15-49.
  • Zimbabwe 1994: All women age 15-49.
  • Zimbabwe 1999: All women age 15-49.
  • Zimbabwe 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Zimbabwe 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Afghanistan: 2015-C, 2015-W, 2015-B, 2015-W
  • Angola: 2015-W, 2015-C, 2015-B, 2015-W
  • Benin: 1996-C, 1996-B, 1996-W, 2001-W, 2001-C, 2001-B, 2006-W, 2006-B, 2006-C, 2006-W, 2011-B, 2011-C, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2017-W, 2017-C, 2017-B, 2017-W
  • Burkina Faso: 1993-C, 1993-B, 1993-W, 1998-W, 1998-C, 1998-B, 2003-W, 2003-B, 2003-C, 2003-W, 2010-B, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-W
  • Burundi: 1987-W, 1987-C, 1987-B, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2010-C, 2016-C, 2016-B, 2016-W, 2016-W
  • Cameroon: 1991-C, 1991-W, 1991-B, 1998-W, 1998-C, 1998-B, 2004-B, 2004-C, 2004-W, 2011-B, 2011-C, 2011-W, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B
  • Central African Republic: 1995-W, 1995-C, 1995-B
  • Chad: 1996-W, 1996-C, 1996-B, 2004-W, 2004-C, 2004-B, 2014-W, 2014-C, 2014-B
  • Comoros: 1996-W, 1996-C, 1996-B, 2012-W, 2012-C, 2012-B, 2012-W
  • Congo (Democratic Republic): 2007-W, 2007-C, 2007-B, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B
  • Congo Brazzaville: 2005-W, 2005-C, 2005-B, 2011-W, 2011-C, 2011-B
  • Cote d'Ivoire: 1994-W, 1994-C, 1994-B, 1998-W, 1998-C, 1998-B, 2011-W, 2011-C, 2011-B
  • Egypt: 1988-W, 1988-B, 1988-C, 1992-W, 1992-W, 1992-B, 1992-C, 1995-C, 1995-B, 1995-W, 1995-W, 2000-C, 2000-W, 2000-B, 2000-W, 2003-B, 2003-C, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2005-B, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-C, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-C, 2008-W, 2014-B, 2014-C, 2014-W, 2014-W
  • Eswatini (Swaziland): 2006-W, 2006-C, 2006-B, 2006-W
  • Ethiopia: 2000-W, 2000-C, 2000-B, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-B, 2005-C, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2016-W, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2016-W
  • Gabon: 2000-W, 2000-C, 2000-B, 2012-W, 2012-C, 2012-B
  • Gambia: 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2013-W, 2019-W, 2019-C, 2019-B
  • Ghana: 1988-W, 1988-C, 1988-B, 1993-W, 1993-B, 1993-C, 1998-C, 1998-B, 1998-W, 2003-C, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2003-B, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2008-C, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2014-B, 2014-C
  • Guinea: 1999-W, 1999-C, 1999-B, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-B, 2005-C, 2012-B, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B, 2018-W
  • India: 1992-C, 1992-W, 1992-B, 1998-W, 1998-C, 1998-B, 2005-W, 2005-B, 2005-C, 2005-W, 2015-W, 2015-C, 2015-B, 2015-W, 2019-W, 2019-C, 2019-B
  • Jordan: 1990-W, 1990-W, 1990-C, 1990-B, 1997-W, 1997-W, 1997-B, 1997-C, 2002-C, 2002-B, 2002-W, 2002-W, 2007-C, 2007-B, 2007-W, 2007-W, 2012-W, 2012-B, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2017-W, 2017-C, 2017-B, 2017-W
  • Kenya: 1993-W, 1993-C, 1993-B, 1998-W, 1998-B, 1998-C, 1998-W, 2003-B, 2003-C, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2008-C, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2014-B, 2014-C
  • Lesotho: 2004-C, 2004-B, 2004-W, 2009-W, 2009-C, 2009-B, 2009-W, 2014-W, 2014-B, 2014-C, 2014-W
  • Liberia: 2007-W, 2007-B, 2007-C, 2013-B, 2013-C, 2013-W, 2013-W, 2019-W, 2019-B, 2019-C, 2019-W
  • Madagascar: 1992-C, 1992-B, 1992-W, 1997-W, 1997-C, 1997-B, 2003-W, 2003-C, 2003-W, 2003-B, 2008-W, 2008-B, 2008-C, 2008-W, 2021-B, 2021-C, 2021-W
  • Malawi: 1992-C, 1992-W, 1992-B, 2000-W, 2000-W, 2000-B, 2000-C, 2004-B, 2004-W, 2004-W, 2004-C, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2010-W, 2016-W, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2016-W
  • Mali: 1987-W, 1987-C, 1987-B, 1995-W, 1995-B, 1995-C, 2001-C, 2001-B, 2001-W, 2001-W, 2006-C, 2006-B, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2012-W, 2012-B, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B, 2018-W
  • Morocco: 1992-W, 1992-C, 1992-B, 1992-W, 2003-W, 2003-C, 2003-B, 2003-W
  • Mozambique: 1997-W, 1997-C, 1997-B, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2003-B, 2003-C, 2011-B, 2011-C, 2011-W, 2011-W
  • Myanmar: 2015-C, 2015-W, 2015-B, 2015-W
  • Namibia: 1992-C, 1992-B, 1992-W, 2000-W, 2000-C, 2000-B, 2006-B, 2006-W, 2006-C, 2006-W, 2013-B, 2013-C, 2013-W, 2013-W
  • Nepal: 1996-C, 1996-W, 1996-B, 2001-W, 2001-B, 2001-C, 2006-C, 2006-B, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2016-W, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2016-W
  • Niger: 1992-W, 1992-C, 1992-B, 1998-W, 1998-B, 1998-C, 2006-B, 2006-C, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2012-C, 2012-B, 2012-W, 2012-W
  • Nigeria: 1990-C, 1990-W, 1990-B, 1999-W, 1999-C, 1999-B, 2003-W, 2003-C, 2003-B, 2008-W, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-C, 2013-W, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2018-W, 2018-B, 2018-C, 2018-W
  • Pakistan: 1991-W, 1991-C, 1991-B, 2006-W, 2006-B, 2006-C, 2017-W, 2017-C, 2017-B, 2017-W
  • Rwanda: 1992-C, 1992-W, 1992-B, 2000-W, 2000-W, 2000-C, 2000-B, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-B, 2005-C, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2010-C, 2010-B, 2014-W, 2014-C, 2014-W, 2014-B, 2019-B, 2019-C, 2019-W
  • Sao Tome: 2008-W, 2008-C, 2008-B
  • Senegal: 1992-W, 1992-B, 1992-C, 1997-C, 1997-W, 1997-B, 2005-B, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-C, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2010-W, 2012-W, 2012-B, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2014-C, 2014-B, 2015-W, 2015-C, 2015-B, 2015-W, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2016-W, 2016-W, 2017-W, 2017-B, 2017-C, 2017-W
  • Sierra Leone: 2008-C, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2013-W, 2019-B, 2019-W, 2019-C, 2019-W
  • South Africa: 1998-W, 1998-C, 1998-B, 2016-W, 2016-C, 2016-B, 2016-W
  • Sri Lanka: 1987-W, 1987-C, 1987-B
  • Sudan: 1989-W, 1989-C, 1989-B
  • Tanzania: 1991-W, 1991-C, 1991-B, 1996-W, 1996-B, 1996-C, 2004-C, 2004-B, 2004-W, 2004-W, 2010-W, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2015-B, 2015-C, 2015-W, 2015-W
  • Togo: 1988-W, 1988-C, 1988-B, 1998-W, 1998-C, 1998-B, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B
  • Tunisia: 1988-W, 1988-C, 1988-B
  • Uganda: 1988-W, 1988-C, 1988-B, 1995-W, 1995-C, 1995-B, 2001-W, 2001-B, 2001-C, 2001-W, 2006-B, 2006-C, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2016-W, 2016-W, 2016-B, 2016-C
  • Yemen: 1991-W, 1991-C, 1991-B, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2013-W
  • Zambia: 1992-C, 1992-W, 1992-B, 1996-W, 1996-C, 1996-B, 2001-B, 2001-W, 2001-C, 2007-B, 2007-W, 2007-W, 2007-C, 2013-W, 2013-B, 2013-C, 2013-W, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B, 2018-W
  • Zimbabwe: 1994-W, 1994-W, 1994-B, 1994-C, 1999-C, 1999-B, 1999-W, 1999-W, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2015-W, 2015-B, 2015-C, 2015-W