DVRBRUISE
(D110A)
Ever had bruises because of husband's actions
Codes and Frequencies
Description
For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and who had experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, DVRBRUISE (D110A) indicates whether the woman ever had bruises or aches because of her husband/partner's actions.
Comparability — Index
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GENERAL Burkina Faso Cote d'Ivoire |
Egypt Kenya Malawi |
Mali South Africa |
Comparability
There are differences in both question wording and universe that limit the comparability of DVRBRUISE across samples.
All samples that include DVRBRUISE ask, at a minimum, whether the woman had ever had bruises as a result of violence from her husband/partner. In addition, some samples ask whether the woman had aches, cuts and aches, or lumps, as a result of her husband's or partner's actions.
The majority of samples ask whether the woman experienced cuts, bruises or aches. Samples that deviate from this norm or may be affected by universe variations are discussed below.
Comparability - Standard DHS
DVRBRUISE (D110A) is not included in the standard DHS questionnaire for any phase, but it is included in phases IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII of the standard domestic violence module.
In the first version of the standard domestic violence module, which was used alongside the standard DHS questionnaire through Phase IV, the respondent was asked whether she experienced "bruises and aches."
From the second version forward of the standard domestic violence module, which was used alongside the standard DHS questionnaire beginning in Phase V, the respondent was asked whether she experienced, "cuts, bruises, or aches."
Comparability — Burkina Faso [top]
Burkina Faso 2010 only asks about bruises or aches (excluding cuts) in this question.
Comparability — Cote d'Ivoire [top]
Côte dâIvoire 2011 only asks about bruises or aches (excluding cuts) in this question.
Comparability — Egypt [top]
Egypt 2005 only asks about bruises or aches (excluding cuts) in its survey question.
Comparability — Kenya [top]
The universe for most samples that contain DVRBRUISE includes women who had ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner. However, the Kenya 2003 sample includes women who had ever been married, without necessarily having experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
Analysts who wish to improve comparability between the Kenya 2003 sample and other samples may wish to restrict the Kenya 2003 sample by conditioning on a "Yes" response to any one of the following: DVPLSEVER (D106), DVPMSEVER (D107), DVPSEXEVER (D108).
The Kenya 2003 survey additionally only asks about bruises or aches (excluding cuts) in this question.
The Kenya 2008, 2014, and 2022 samples do not share Kenya 2003's universe or question wording comparability problems.
Comparability — Malawi [top]
The universe for most samples that contain DVRBRUISE includes women who had ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner. However, the Malawi 2004 sample includes women who had ever been married, without necessarily having experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
Analysts who wish to improve comparability between the Malawi 2004 sample and other samples may wish to restrict the Malawi 2004 sample by conditioning on a "Yes" response to any one of the following: DVPLSEVER (D106), DVPMSEVER (D107), DVPSEXEVER (D108).
The Malawi 2004 survey additionally only asks about bruises or aches (excluding cuts) in this question.
The Malawi 2010 and 2016 samples do not share Malawi 2004's universe or question wording comparability problems.
Comparability — Mali [top]
Mali 2006 asks about bruises or lumps, excluding cuts and aches from the question.
Mali 2012 asks about bruises or aches (excluding cuts) in this question.
Comparability — South Africa [top]
The 2016 South Africa survey asks about the respondent's current or most recent spouse, live-in partner, or boyfriend.
Universe
- Afghanistan 2015: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband.
- Angola 2015: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Benin 2017: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, in households selected for the men's survey.
- Burkina Faso 2010: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Burundi 2016: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Cameroon 2004: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man (excluding widows), and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Cameroon 2011: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Cameroon 2018: Women age 15-64 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Chad 2014: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, in households selected for the men's survey.
- Comoros 2012: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Congo (Democratic Republic) 2013: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Cote d'Ivoire 2011: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Egypt 2005: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband.
- Egypt 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband.
- Ethiopia 2016: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Gabon 2012: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Gambia 2013: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Gambia 2019: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Ghana 2008: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- India 2005: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever been in a consummated marriage, and who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband.
- India 2015: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever been in a consummated marriage, and who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband.
- India 2019: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever been in a consummated marriage, and who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband.
- Jordan 2007: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband.
- Jordan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband.
- Jordan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband.
- Kenya 2003: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man (excluding widows), and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Kenya 2008: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Kenya 2014: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, in households selected for the long questionnaire. (for mothers of young children)
- Liberia 2007: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Liberia 2019: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Madagascar 2021: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Malawi 2004: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man (excluding widows), and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Malawi 2010: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Malawi 2016: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Mali 2006: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Mali 2012: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Mali 2018: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Mozambique 2011: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Myanmar 2015: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband.
- Namibia 2013: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Nepal 2011: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Nepal 2016: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Nigeria 2008: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Nigeria 2013: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Nigeria 2018: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Pakistan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever experienced physical violence from their husband.
- Pakistan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband.
- Rwanda 2005: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Rwanda 2014: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Rwanda 2019: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Sao Tome 2008: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Senegal 2017: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Sierra Leone 2013: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Sierra Leone 2019: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- South Africa 2016: Women age 18-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married, lived with a partner, or had a boyfriend, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their spouse/partner/boyfriend.
- Tanzania 2010: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Tanzania 2015: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Togo 2013: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Uganda 2006: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Uganda 2011: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Uganda 2016: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Zambia 2007: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Zambia 2013: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Zambia 2018: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Zimbabwe 2005: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Zimbabwe 2010: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Zimbabwe 2015: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
