Codes and Frequencies
Description
FCYNRELIG (G118) indicates whether the woman agrees that female circumcision is required by her religion.
Comparability — Index
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GENERAL Egypt |
Guinea |
Nigeria |
Comparability
Along with universe differences, there are some differences in the wording of the question for FCYNRELIG (G118).
In most cases, a yes/no question such as "Do you believe that this practice is required by your religion?" was used.
In other cases, women were asked whether they agreed or disagreed with a statement such as "Circumcision is an important part of religious tradition?" These particular cases are discussed in detail below.
Samples with additional comparability issues are also discussed below.
Comparability - Standard DHS
FCYNRELIG (G118) is not included in any phase of the standard DHS questionnaire, but it is included in Phase IV forward of the standard female genital cutting module.
Beginning in the third version of the standard female genital cutting module (Phase VI of the standard DHS questionnaire), the survey form provides an additional response of "No religion," to accommodate women with no religious affiliation.
Comparability — Egypt [top]
As opposed to providing a discrete yes/no question, the Egypt 1995, 2000, and 2003 survey forms asked women whether they agreed or disagreed with multiple statements concerning female circumcision, including whether it is an important aspect of religious tradition. The Egypt 2005 and 2008 survey forms use the more common question wording and structure described above.
Comparability — Guinea [top]
The Guinea 1999 survey text asks the woman whether female circumcision is "accepted by [her] religion," rather than asking whether the practice is required. The Guinea 2005 and 2012 survey forms use the more common wording described above.
Comparability — Nigeria [top]
A DHS final report for Nigeria includes the following text on comparability problems: "The 2008 NDHS showed a higher prevalence of female circumcision than that reported in the 2003 NDHS (30 percent versus 19 percent). However, this increase was actually due to variations in the definition of FGC used in the two surveys. In the 2008 NDHS, some of the field teams included angurya and gishiri cuts in the FGC category while others did not. This was not the case in 2003 NDHS. In the 2013 NDHS, the definition of FGC explicitly followed the WHO definition ... and captured the practice of angurya and gishiri cuts. Any comparisons of FGC data from the 2013 survey with data from these earlier surveys should be made with caution."
Universe
- Benin 2001: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Benin 2006: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Benin 2011: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Burkina Faso 2003: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Burkina Faso 2010: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Cameroon 2004: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the FC module, who have heard of FC, and who did not list religious approval as an advantage or disadvantage for circumcision.
- Chad 2004: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC, and who did not list religious approval as an advantage or disadvantage for circumcision.
- Chad 2014: Women age 15-49, in households not selected for the men's survey, who have heard of FC.
- Cote d'Ivoire 2011: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Egypt 1995: Ever-married women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Egypt 2000: Ever-married women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Egypt 2003: Ever-married women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Egypt 2005: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Egypt 2008: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Egypt 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Ethiopia 2016: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the FC module.
- Gambia 2019: Women age 15-49, in households selected for the long questionnaire, who have heard of FC.
- Guinea 1999: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Guinea 2005: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Guinea 2012: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Guinea 2018: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Kenya 2008: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Kenya 2014: Women age 15-49, in households selected for the long questionnaire, who have heard of FC.
- Mali 2001: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Mali 2006: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Mali 2012: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Mali 2018: Women age 15-49, in households not selected for the men's survey, who have heard of FC.
- Niger 2006: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Niger 2012: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Nigeria 2003: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Nigeria 2008: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Nigeria 2013: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Nigeria 2018: Women age 15-49, in households not selected for the men's survey, who have heard of FC.
- Senegal 2005: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Senegal 2010: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Senegal 2014: Women age 15-49 who have heard of female circumcision and have at least one living daughter age 0-19.
- Senegal 2015: Women age 15-49 who have heard of female circumcision and have at least one living daughter age 0-19.
- Senegal 2016: Women age 15-49 who have heard of female circumcision and have at least one living daughter age 0-19.
- Senegal 2017: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Sierra Leone 2008: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Sierra Leone 2013: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Sierra Leone 2019: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Tanzania 2015: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Togo 2013: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
- Yemen 2013: Women age 15-49 who have heard of FC.
