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HHPHONE (V153)
Household has telephone
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Codes and Frequencies



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Description

HHPHONE (V153) indicates whether the household has a telephone. How the question was worded changed over time. See Comparability. The related variable MOBPHONE covers the household's access to a mobile phone, specifically.

Comparability — Index

GENERAL
Bangladesh
Ethiopia
Jordan
 Lesotho
Liberia
Namibia
Pakistan
 Rwanda
South Africa
Tanzania

Comparability

HHPHONE (V153) varies across samples in question wording as well as universes.

Most samples prior to 2000 (and some thereafter) ask whether the household has "a telephone." Reflecting the spread of cell/mobile phones, many later surveys ask separately about a mobile phone (variously also referred to as "a mobile," "a cellular phone/telephone," and "a mobile telephone") and a non-mobile phone (variously also referred to as "a non-mobile telephone" "a land-line telephone," and "any other telephone"). IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to consult the Survey Text tab to determine whether the question relates to a telephone of unspecified type or a non-mobile phone specifically for samples of interest.

Only those countries with additional comparability issues for this variable are discussed below.

Comparability - Standard DHS

For Phases 3 and 4, the standard DHS questionnaire asked, "Does your household have a telephone?" Beginning in Phase 5, the approach changed; separate questions were asked about "a mobile telephone" and "a non-mobile telephone" in the standard DHS questionnaires.

Comparability — Bangladesh [top]

The 2004 Bangladesh survey asked whether the household or any member of the household had a "telephone or mobile phone."

Comparability — Ethiopia [top]

The 2019 Ethiopian survey refers to a "nonmobile telephone."

Comparability — Jordan [top]

The 1990, 1997, and 2002 Jordan surveys ask whether the household has "a telephone." The 2007, 2009, and 2012 Jordan surveys ask whether the household has "a landline telephone" and collect information about mobile phone ownership separately.

Comparability — Lesotho [top]

The 2004 Lesotho survey asked whether the household had "a telephone in working condition." The 2009 Lesotho survey asked about "a non-mobile telephone." The 2014 Lesotho survey asked about "a non-mobile telephone in working condition."

Comparability — Liberia [top]

The 2019 Liberian survey asked whether the household had a non-mobile phone.

Comparability — Namibia [top]

The 2000 Namibia survey asked whether the household had "a telephone." The 2006 Namibia survey asked about "a non-mobile telephone." The 2013 Namibia survey asked about "a landline/telephone."

Comparability — Pakistan [top]

The 2006 Pakistan survey asked whether the household had a "mobile telephone or land line telephone." The 2012 Pakistan asked whether the household had "a landline telephone."

Comparability — Rwanda [top]

The 2019 Rwandan survey refers to a "non-mobile telephone."

Comparability — South Africa [top]

The 1998 South African survey asks whether the household has "a telephone." The 2016 South African survey asks whether the household has "a landline telephone" "in working condition."

Comparability — Tanzania [top]

The 2015 survey for Tanzania referred to "a non-mobile telephone in working condition."

Universe

  • Afghanistan 2015: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Angola 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Angola 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Angola 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Bangladesh 2000: Ever-married women age 10-49.
  • Bangladesh 2004: Ever-married women age 10-49.
  • Bangladesh 2007: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Bangladesh 2011: Ever-married women age 12-49.
  • Bangladesh 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Bangladesh 2018: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Benin 2001: All women age 15-49.
  • Benin 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Benin 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Benin 2017: All women age 15-49.
  • Burkina Faso 1998: All women age 15-49.
  • Burkina Faso 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Burkina Faso 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Burkina Faso 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Burkina Faso 2018: All women age 15-49.
  • Burundi 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Burundi 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Burundi 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Cameroon 1998: All women age 15-49.
  • Cameroon 2004: All women age 15-49.
  • Cameroon 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Cameroon 2018: All women 15-64.
  • Cameroon 2022: All women age 15-49.
  • Central African Republic 1995: All women age 15-49.
  • Chad 1996: All women age 15-49.
  • Chad 2004: All women age 15-49.
  • Chad 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Comoros 1996: All women age 15-49.
  • Comoros 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Congo (Democratic Republic) 2007: All women age 15-49.
  • Congo (Democratic Republic) 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Congo Brazzaville 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • Congo Brazzaville 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Cote d'Ivoire 1998: All women age 15-49.
  • Cote d'Ivoire 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Egypt 2000: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Egypt 2003: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Egypt 2005: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Egypt 2008: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Egypt 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Eswatini (Swaziland) 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Ethiopia 2000: All women age 15-49.
  • Ethiopia 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • Ethiopia 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Ethiopia 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Ethiopia 2019: All women age 15-49.
  • Gambia 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Gambia 2019: All women age 15-49.
  • Ghana 1998: All women age 15-49.
  • Ghana 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Ghana 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Ghana 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Ghana 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Ghana 2019: All women age 15-49.
  • Guinea 1999: All women age 15-49.
  • Guinea 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • Guinea 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Guinea 2021: All women age 15-49.
  • India 1998: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • India 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • India 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • India 2019: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Jordan 1990: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Jordan 1997: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Jordan 2002: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Jordan 2007: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Jordan 2009: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Jordan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Jordan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Kenya 1998: All women age 15-49.
  • Kenya 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Kenya 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Kenya 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Kenya 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Kenya 2020: All women age 15-49.
  • Lesotho 2004: All women age 15-49.
  • Lesotho 2009: All women age 15-49.
  • Lesotho 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Liberia 2019: All women age 15-49.
  • Madagascar 1997: All women age 15-49.
  • Madagascar 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Madagascar 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Madagascar 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Madagascar 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Madagascar 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Madagascar 2021: All women age 15-49.
  • Malawi 2004: All women age 15-49.
  • Malawi 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Malawi 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Malawi 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Malawi 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Malawi 2017: All women age 15-49.
  • Mali 1995: All women age 15-49.
  • Mali 2001: All women age 15-49.
  • Mali 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Mali 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Mali 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Mali 2018: All women age 15-49.
  • Mali 2021: All women age 15-49.
  • Morocco 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Mozambique 1997: All women age 15-49.
  • Mozambique 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Mozambique 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Mozambique 2018: All women age 15-49.
  • Myanmar 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Namibia 2000: All women age 15-49.
  • Namibia 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Namibia 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Nepal 1996: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Nepal 2001: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Nepal 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Nepal 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Nepal 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Niger 1998: All women age 15-49.
  • Niger 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Niger 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Niger 2021: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 1999: All women age 10-49.
  • Nigeria 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 2018: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 2021: All women age 15-49.
  • Pakistan 2006: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Pakistan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Pakistan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Rwanda 2000: All women age 15-49.
  • Rwanda 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • Rwanda 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Rwanda 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Rwanda 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Rwanda 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Rwanda 2017: All women age 15-49.
  • Rwanda 2019: All women age 15-49.
  • Sao Tome 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 1997: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2017: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2021: All women age 15-49.
  • Sierra Leone 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Sierra Leone 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Sierra Leone 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Sierra Leone 2019: All women age 15-49.
  • South Africa 1998: All women age 15-49.
  • South Africa 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Tanzania 2004: All women age 15-49.
  • Tanzania 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Tanzania 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Tanzania 2017: All women age 15-49.
  • Togo 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Togo 2017: All women age 15-49.
  • Tunisia 1988: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 1995: All women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 2001: All women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 2009: All women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 2018: All women age 15-49.
  • Yemen 1991: Ever-married women age 15-54.
  • Yemen 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Zambia 2001: All women age 15-49.
  • Zambia 2007: All women age 15-49.
  • Zambia 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Zimbabwe 1999: All women age 15-49.
  • Zimbabwe 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • Zimbabwe 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Zimbabwe 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Afghanistan: 2015-C, 2015-W, 2015-B, 2015-W
  • Angola: 2006-W, 2006-C, 2011-W, 2011-C, 2015-W, 2015-C, 2015-B, 2015-W
  • Bangladesh: 2000-W, 2000-C, 2000-W, 2000-B, 2004-B, 2004-W, 2004-W, 2004-C, 2007-W, 2007-C, 2007-W, 2007-B, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2014-B, 2014-C, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B, 2018-W
  • Benin: 2001-W, 2001-C, 2001-B, 2006-W, 2006-B, 2006-C, 2006-W, 2011-B, 2011-C, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2017-W, 2017-C, 2017-B, 2017-W
  • Burkina Faso: 1998-W, 1998-C, 1998-B, 2003-W, 2003-B, 2003-C, 2003-W, 2010-B, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2014-W, 2014-C, 2018-W, 2018-C
  • Burundi: 2010-W, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2010-C, 2012-W, 2012-C, 2016-C, 2016-B, 2016-W, 2016-W
  • Cameroon: 1998-W, 1998-C, 1998-B, 2004-B, 2004-C, 2004-W, 2011-B, 2011-C, 2011-W, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B, 2022-W, 2022-C
  • Central African Republic: 1995-W, 1995-C, 1995-B
  • Chad: 1996-W, 1996-C, 1996-B, 2004-W, 2004-C, 2004-B, 2014-W, 2014-C, 2014-B
  • Comoros: 1996-W, 1996-C, 1996-B, 2012-W, 2012-C, 2012-B, 2012-W
  • Congo (Democratic Republic): 2007-W, 2007-C, 2007-B, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B
  • Congo Brazzaville: 2005-W, 2005-C, 2005-B, 2011-W, 2011-C, 2011-B
  • Cote d'Ivoire: 1998-W, 1998-C, 1998-B, 2011-W, 2011-C, 2011-B
  • Egypt: 2000-C, 2000-W, 2000-B, 2000-W, 2003-B, 2003-C, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2005-B, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-C, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-C, 2008-W, 2014-B, 2014-C, 2014-W, 2014-W
  • Eswatini (Swaziland): 2006-W, 2006-C, 2006-B, 2006-W
  • Ethiopia: 2000-W, 2000-C, 2000-B, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-B, 2005-C, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2016-W, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2016-W, 2019-W, 2019-C, 2019-B
  • Gambia: 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2013-W, 2019-W, 2019-C, 2019-B
  • Ghana: 1998-C, 1998-B, 1998-W, 2003-C, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2003-B, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2008-C, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2014-B, 2014-C, 2016-W, 2016-C, 2019-W, 2019-C
  • Guinea: 1999-W, 1999-C, 1999-B, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-B, 2005-C, 2012-B, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2021-W, 2021-C
  • India: 1998-W, 1998-C, 1998-B, 2005-W, 2005-B, 2005-C, 2005-W, 2015-W, 2015-C, 2015-B, 2015-W, 2019-W, 2019-C, 2019-B
  • Jordan: 1990-W, 1990-W, 1990-C, 1990-B, 1997-W, 1997-W, 1997-B, 1997-C, 2002-C, 2002-B, 2002-W, 2002-W, 2007-C, 2007-B, 2007-W, 2007-W, 2009-C, 2009-W, 2009-W, 2009-B, 2012-W, 2012-B, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2017-W, 2017-C, 2017-B, 2017-W
  • Kenya: 1998-W, 1998-B, 1998-C, 1998-W, 2003-B, 2003-C, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2008-C, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2014-B, 2014-C, 2015-W, 2015-C, 2020-W, 2020-C
  • Lesotho: 2004-C, 2004-B, 2004-W, 2009-W, 2009-C, 2009-B, 2009-W, 2014-W, 2014-B, 2014-C, 2014-W
  • Liberia: 2019-W, 2019-B, 2019-C, 2019-W
  • Madagascar: 1997-W, 1997-C, 1997-B, 2003-W, 2003-C, 2003-W, 2003-B, 2008-W, 2008-B, 2008-C, 2008-W, 2011-W, 2011-C, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2016-W, 2016-C, 2021-B, 2021-C, 2021-W
  • Malawi: 2004-B, 2004-W, 2004-W, 2004-C, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2010-W, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2014-W, 2014-C, 2016-W, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2016-W, 2017-W, 2017-C
  • Mali: 1995-W, 1995-B, 1995-C, 2001-C, 2001-B, 2001-W, 2001-W, 2006-C, 2006-B, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2012-W, 2012-B, 2015-W, 2015-C, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B, 2018-W, 2021-W, 2021-C
  • Morocco: 2003-W, 2003-C, 2003-B, 2003-W
  • Mozambique: 1997-W, 1997-C, 1997-B, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2003-B, 2003-C, 2011-B, 2011-C, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2018-W, 2018-C
  • Myanmar: 2015-C, 2015-W, 2015-B, 2015-W
  • Namibia: 2000-W, 2000-C, 2000-B, 2006-B, 2006-W, 2006-C, 2006-W, 2013-B, 2013-C, 2013-W, 2013-W
  • Nepal: 1996-C, 1996-W, 1996-B, 2001-W, 2001-B, 2001-C, 2006-C, 2006-B, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2016-W, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2016-W
  • Niger: 1998-W, 1998-B, 1998-C, 2006-B, 2006-C, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2012-C, 2012-B, 2012-W, 2012-W, 2021-W, 2021-C
  • Nigeria: 1999-W, 1999-C, 1999-B, 2003-W, 2003-C, 2003-B, 2008-W, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-C, 2010-W, 2010-C, 2013-W, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2015-C, 2015-W, 2018-W, 2018-B, 2018-C, 2018-W, 2021-W, 2021-C
  • Pakistan: 2006-W, 2006-B, 2006-C, 2012-B, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2012-W, 2017-W, 2017-C, 2017-B, 2017-W
  • Rwanda: 2000-W, 2000-W, 2000-C, 2000-B, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-B, 2005-C, 2008-B, 2008-C, 2008-W, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2010-C, 2010-B, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2014-W, 2014-C, 2014-W, 2014-B, 2017-W, 2017-C, 2019-B, 2019-C, 2019-W
  • Sao Tome: 2008-W, 2008-C, 2008-B
  • Senegal: 1997-C, 1997-W, 1997-B, 2005-B, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-C, 2006-C, 2006-W, 2008-C, 2008-W, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2010-W, 2012-W, 2012-B, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2014-C, 2014-B, 2015-W, 2015-C, 2015-B, 2015-W, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2016-W, 2016-W, 2017-W, 2017-B, 2017-C, 2017-W, 2021-W, 2021-C
  • Sierra Leone: 2008-C, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2013-W, 2016-C, 2016-W, 2019-B, 2019-W, 2019-C, 2019-W
  • South Africa: 1998-W, 1998-C, 1998-B, 2016-W, 2016-C, 2016-B, 2016-W
  • Tanzania: 2004-C, 2004-B, 2004-W, 2004-W, 2010-W, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2015-B, 2015-C, 2015-W, 2015-W, 2017-W, 2017-C
  • Togo: 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2017-W, 2017-C
  • Tunisia: 1988-W, 1988-C, 1988-B
  • Uganda: 1995-W, 1995-C, 1995-B, 2001-W, 2001-B, 2001-C, 2001-W, 2006-B, 2006-C, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2009-C, 2009-W, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2014-W, 2014-C, 2016-W, 2016-W, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2018-W, 2018-C
  • Yemen: 1991-W, 1991-C, 1991-B, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2013-W
  • Zambia: 2001-B, 2001-W, 2001-C, 2007-B, 2007-W, 2007-W, 2007-C, 2013-W, 2013-B, 2013-C, 2013-W
  • Zimbabwe: 1999-C, 1999-B, 1999-W, 1999-W, 2005-C, 2005-B, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2015-W, 2015-B, 2015-C, 2015-W