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PPABFLAG_ALL (M29_X)
Flag variable for postpartum abstinence
Return to General maternal and infant health variables list

PPABFLAG_ALL variables are 1-digit variables.

Codes

0 = No flag
1 = Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth
2 = Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month
4 = During pregnancy in calendar
8 = Missing
9 = NIU (not in universe)

Description

PPABFLAG_ALL (M29_x) is a flag variable reporting the type of problem found when editing responses about the duration of postpartum abstinence (in PPABMO_ALL), for women who had resumed sexual relations after a birth in the past three to five years. A code of 0 indicates no problem with the original response.

PPABFLAG_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (PPABFLAG_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., PPABFLAG_02, PPABFLAG_03, PPABFLAG_04, PPABFLAG_05, and PPABFLAG_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If PPAMFLAG_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file.

For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then PPABFLAG_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS.

Comparability

Apart from universe differences, PPABFLAG_ALL (M29_x) has no comparability issues.

Comparability - Standard DHS

PPABFLAG_ALL (M29_x) is not a question in the standard DHS questionnaire. The flag variable is a standard recode variable included in the DHS data for Phase 2 forward.

In Phase 2, there is a code for "Duration of postpartum abstinence extends into the following pregnancy in the calendar" for Model A countries. This code is removed in Phase 3 forward.

Universe

  • Afghanistan 2015: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Angola 2015: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Bangladesh 1994: Ever-married women age 10-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Bangladesh 1997: Ever-married women age 10-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Bangladesh 2000: Ever-married women age 10-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Bangladesh 2004: Ever-married women age 10-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Bangladesh 2007: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Bangladesh 2011: Ever-married women age 12-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Bangladesh 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Bangladesh 2018: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Benin 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Benin 2001: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Benin 2006: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Benin 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Benin 2017: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Burkina Faso 1993: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Burkina Faso 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Burkina Faso 2003: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Burkina Faso 2010: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Burundi 2010: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Burundi 2016: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Cameroon 1991: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Cameroon 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Cameroon 2004: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Cameroon 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Cameroon 2018: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Central African Republic 1995: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Chad 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Chad 2004: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Chad 2014: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Comoros 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Comoros 2012: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Congo (Democratic Republic) 2007: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Congo (Democratic Republic) 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Congo Brazzaville 2005: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Congo Brazzaville 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Cote d'Ivoire 1994: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Cote d'Ivoire 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Cote d'Ivoire 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Egypt 1992: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Egypt 1995: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Egypt 2000: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Egypt 2003: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Egypt 2005: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Egypt 2008: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Egypt 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Eswatini (Swaziland) 2006: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ethiopia 2000: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ethiopia 2005: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ethiopia 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ethiopia 2016: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Gabon 2000: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Gabon 2012: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Gambia 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Gambia 2019: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ghana 1993: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Ghana 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ghana 2003: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ghana 2008: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ghana 2014: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Guinea 1999: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Guinea 2005: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Guinea 2012: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Guinea 2018: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • India 1992: Ever-married women age 13-49 who gave birth in the 4 years before the survey.
  • India 1998: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • India 2005: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • India 2015: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • India 2019: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Jordan 1990: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Jordan 1997: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Jordan 2002: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Jordan 2007: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Jordan 2009: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Jordan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Jordan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Kenya 1993: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Kenya 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Kenya 2003: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Kenya 2008: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Kenya 2014: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey, in household selected for the long questionnaire.
  • Lesotho 2004: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Lesotho 2009: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Lesotho 2014: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Liberia 2007: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Liberia 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Liberia 2019: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Madagascar 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Madagascar 1997: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Madagascar 2003: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Madagascar 2008: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Madagascar 2021: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Malawi 2000: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Malawi 2004: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Malawi 2010: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Malawi 2016: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Mali 1995: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Mali 2001: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Mali 2006: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Mali 2012: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Mali 2018: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Morocco 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Morocco 2003: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Mozambique 1997: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Mozambique 2003: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Mozambique 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Myanmar 2015: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Namibia 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Namibia 2000: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Namibia 2006: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Namibia 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nepal 1996: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Nepal 2001: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nepal 2006: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nepal 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nepal 2016: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Niger 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Niger 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Niger 2006: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Niger 2012: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nigeria 1990: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nigeria 1999: Women age 10-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Nigeria 2003: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nigeria 2008: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nigeria 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nigeria 2018: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Pakistan 1991: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Pakistan 2006: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Pakistan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Pakistan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Rwanda 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Rwanda 2000: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Rwanda 2005: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Rwanda 2010: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Rwanda 2014: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Rwanda 2019: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Sao Tome 2008: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Senegal 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Senegal 1997: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Senegal 2005: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Senegal 2010: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Senegal 2012: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Senegal 2014: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Senegal 2015: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Senegal 2016: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Senegal 2017: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Sierra Leone 2008: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Sierra Leone 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Sierra Leone 2019: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • South Africa 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • South Africa 2016: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Tanzania 1991: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Tanzania 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Tanzania 1999: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Tanzania 2004: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Tanzania 2010: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Tanzania 2015: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Togo 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Togo 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Uganda 1995: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 4 years before the survey.
  • Uganda 2001: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Uganda 2006: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Uganda 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Uganda 2016: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zambia 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zambia 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zambia 2001: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zambia 2007: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zambia 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zambia 2018: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zimbabwe 1994: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Zimbabwe 1999: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zimbabwe 2005: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zimbabwe 2010: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zimbabwe 2015: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Afghanistan: 2015-W, 2015-W
  • Angola: 2015-W, 2015-W
  • Bangladesh: 1994-W, 1994-W, 1997-W, 1997-W, 2000-W, 2000-W, 2004-W, 2004-W, 2007-W, 2007-W, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2018-W
  • Benin: 1996-W, 2001-W, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2017-W, 2017-W
  • Burkina Faso: 1993-W, 1998-W, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2010-W, 2010-W
  • Burundi: 2010-W, 2010-W, 2016-W, 2016-W
  • Cameroon: 1991-W, 1998-W, 2004-W, 2011-W, 2018-W
  • Central African Republic: 1995-W
  • Chad: 1996-W, 2004-W, 2014-W
  • Comoros: 1996-W, 2012-W
  • Congo (Democratic Republic): 2007-W, 2013-W
  • Congo Brazzaville: 2005-W, 2011-W
  • Cote d'Ivoire: 1994-W, 1998-W, 2011-W
  • Egypt: 1992-W, 1992-W, 1995-W, 1995-W, 2000-W, 2000-W, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2014-W, 2014-W
  • Eswatini (Swaziland): 2006-W, 2006-W
  • Ethiopia: 2000-W, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2016-W, 2016-W
  • Gabon: 2000-W, 2012-W
  • Gambia: 2013-W, 2019-W
  • Ghana: 1993-W, 1998-W, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2014-W, 2014-W
  • Guinea: 1999-W, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2012-W, 2018-W, 2018-W
  • India: 1992-W, 1998-W, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2015-W, 2015-W, 2019-W
  • Jordan: 1990-W, 1990-W, 1997-W, 1997-W, 2002-W, 2002-W, 2007-W, 2007-W, 2009-W, 2009-W, 2012-W, 2012-W, 2017-W, 2017-W
  • Kenya: 1993-W, 1998-W, 1998-W, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2014-W, 2014-W
  • Lesotho: 2004-W, 2009-W, 2009-W, 2014-W, 2014-W
  • Liberia: 2007-W, 2013-W, 2013-W, 2019-W
  • Madagascar: 1992-W, 1997-W, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2021-W
  • Malawi: 2000-W, 2000-W, 2004-W, 2004-W, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2016-W, 2016-W
  • Mali: 1995-W, 2001-W, 2001-W, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2012-W, 2012-W, 2018-W, 2018-W
  • Morocco: 1992-W, 1992-W, 2003-W, 2003-W
  • Mozambique: 1997-W, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2011-W, 2011-W
  • Myanmar: 2015-W, 2015-W
  • Namibia: 1992-W, 2000-W, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2013-W, 2013-W
  • Nepal: 1996-W, 2001-W, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2016-W, 2016-W
  • Niger: 1992-W, 1998-W, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2012-W, 2012-W
  • Nigeria: 1990-W, 1999-W, 2003-W, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2013-W, 2013-W, 2018-W, 2018-W
  • Pakistan: 1991-W, 2006-W, 2012-W, 2012-W, 2017-W, 2017-W
  • Rwanda: 1992-W, 2000-W, 2000-W, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2019-W
  • Sao Tome: 2008-W
  • Senegal: 1992-W, 1997-W, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2012-W, 2012-W, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2015-W, 2015-W, 2016-W, 2016-W, 2017-W, 2017-W
  • Sierra Leone: 2008-W, 2013-W, 2019-W
  • South Africa: 1998-W, 2016-W, 2016-W
  • Tanzania: 1991-W, 1996-W, 1999-W, 2004-W, 2004-W, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2015-W, 2015-W
  • Togo: 1998-W, 2013-W
  • Uganda: 1995-W, 2001-W, 2001-W, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2016-W, 2016-W
  • Zambia: 1992-W, 1996-W, 2001-W, 2007-W, 2007-W, 2013-W, 2013-W, 2018-W, 2018-W
  • Zimbabwe: 1994-W, 1994-W, 1999-W, 1999-W, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2015-W, 2015-W