Codes and Frequencies
Description
RADIO (V120) indicates whether the household has a radio. Some samples specified that the radio must be working or fit other specifications. See Comparability.
Comparability — Index
GENERAL Bangladesh Congo Brazzaville Egypt |
Ghana India Jordan Lesotho |
South Africa Tanzania Yemen Zimbabwe |
Comparability
Along with universe differences, RADIO (V120) has substantial differences in question wording that reduce comparability across samples. While most surveys simply asked, "Does this/your household have a radio," some specified that the appliance must be in working order or have other features. See below for information about these exceptions to the general standard.
Comparability - DHS Standard
The question "Does your household have a radio?" was first included in the Phase 2 standard DHS questionnaire, and the same wording was used in subsequent Phases.
Comparability — Bangladesh [top]
The 1994, 1997, 2000, and 2004 Bangladesh surveys specify a radio "that is working." The 2007, 2011, and 2014 Bangladesh surveys only mention "a radio."
Comparability — Congo Brazzaville [top]
The 2005 and 2011 Congo surveys ask whether the household has "a radio/tape player."
Comparability — Egypt [top]
The Egyptian surveys required that the radio have additional features, referring to "a radio with cassette recorder."
Comparability — Ghana [top]
The 1988 and 1993 Ghana surveys referred, respectively, to "a radio that is working" and "a functioning radio," while later Ghana surveys only referred to "a radio."
Comparability — India [top]
All Indian surveys differed from the standard question wording in asking whether the household "owned" either "a radio or transistor."
Comparability — Jordan [top]
The 1997 Jordan survey asked whether the household had a "radio that works." The 2002. 2007, 2009, and 2012 Jordan surveys asked whether the household had "radio or tape recorder."
Comparability — Lesotho [top]
The 2004, 2009, and 2014 Lesotho surveys asked whether the household had "a radio in working condition."
Comparability — South Africa [top]
The 2016 South African survey specified that the radio must be "in working condition"; the 1998 South African survey did not.
Comparability — Tanzania [top]
Of the various Tanzanian surveys with this variable, only the 2015 survey specified that the radio be "in working condition."
Comparability — Yemen [top]
The 1991 Yemen survey asked whether the household had a "radio/cassette recorder."
Comparability — Zimbabwe [top]
Of the various Zimbabwe surveys with this variable, only the 2010 survey asked whether the "dwelling unit/household" had "a radio in working condition."
Universe
- Afghanistan 2015: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Angola 2006: All women age 15-49.
- Angola 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Angola 2015: All women age 15-49.
- Bangladesh 1994: Ever-married women age 10-49.
- Bangladesh 1997: Ever-married women age 10-49.
- Bangladesh 2000: Ever-married women age 10-49.
- Bangladesh 2004: Ever-married women age 10-49.
- Bangladesh 2007: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Bangladesh 2011: Ever-married women age 12-49.
- Bangladesh 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Bangladesh 2018: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Benin 1996: All women age 15-49.
- Benin 2001: All women age 15-49.
- Benin 2006: All women age 15-49.
- Benin 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Benin 2017: All women age 15-49.
- Burkina Faso 1993: All women age 15-49.
- Burkina Faso 1998: All women age 15-49.
- Burkina Faso 2003: All women age 15-49.
- Burkina Faso 2010: All women age 15-49.
- Burkina Faso 2014: All women age 15-49.
- Burkina Faso 2018: All women age 15-49.
- Burundi 1987: All women age 15-49.
- Burundi 2010: All women age 15-49.
- Burundi 2012: All women age 15-49.
- Burundi 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Cameroon 1991: All women age 15-49.
- Cameroon 1998: All women age 15-49.
- Cameroon 2004: All women age 15-49.
- Cameroon 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Cameroon 2018: All women age 15-64.
- Cameroon 2022: All women age 15-49.
- Central African Republic 1995: All women age 15-49.
- Chad 1996: All women age 15-49.
- Chad 2004: All women age 15-49.
- Chad 2014: All women age 15-49.
- Comoros 1996: All women age 15-49.
- Comoros 2012: All women age 15-49.
- Congo (Democratic Republic) 2007: All women age 15-49.
- Congo (Democratic Republic) 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Congo Brazzaville 2005: All women age 15-49.
- Congo Brazzaville 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Cote d'Ivoire 1994: All women age 15-49.
- Cote d'Ivoire 1998: All women age 15-49.
- Cote d'Ivoire 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Egypt 1988: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Egypt 1992: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Egypt 1995: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Egypt 2000: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Egypt 2003: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Egypt 2005: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Egypt 2008: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Egypt 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Eswatini (Swaziland) 2006: All women age 15-49.
- Ethiopia 2000: All women age 15-49.
- Ethiopia 2005: All women age 15-49.
- Ethiopia 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Ethiopia 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Ethiopia 2019: All women age 15-49.
- Gabon 2012: All women age 15-49.
- Gambia 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Gambia 2019: All women age 15-49.
- Ghana 1988: All women age 15-49.
- Ghana 1993: All women age 15-49.
- Ghana 1998: All women age 15-49.
- Ghana 2003: All women age 15-49.
- Ghana 2008: All women age 15-49.
- Ghana 2014: All women age 15-49.
- Ghana 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Ghana 2019: All women age 15-49.
- Guinea 1999: All women age 15-49.
- Guinea 2005: All women age 15-49.
- Guinea 2012: All women age 15-49.
- Guinea 2018: All women age 15-49.
- Guinea 2021: All women age 15-49.
- India 1992: Ever-married women age 13-49.
- India 1998: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- India 2005: All women age 15-49.
- India 2015: All women age 15-49.
- India 2019: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Jordan 1990: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Jordan 1997: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Jordan 2002: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Jordan 2007: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Jordan 2009: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Jordan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Jordan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Kenya 1989: All women age 15-49.
- Kenya 1993: All women age 15-49.
- Kenya 1998: All women age 15-49.
- Kenya 2003: All women age 15-49.
- Kenya 2008: All women age 15-49.
- Kenya 2014: All women age 15-49.
- Kenya 2015: All women age 15-49.
- Kenya 2020: All women age 15-49.
- Lesotho 2004: All women age 15-49.
- Lesotho 2009: All women age 15-49.
- Lesotho 2014: All women age 15-49.
- Liberia 1986: All women age 15-49.
- Liberia 2007: All women age 15-49.
- Liberia 2009: All women age 15-49.
- Liberia 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Liberia 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Liberia 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Liberia 2019: All women age 15-49.
- Madagascar 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Madagascar 1997: All women age 15-49.
- Madagascar 2003: All women age 15-49.
- Madagascar 2008: All women age 15-49.
- Madagascar 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Madagascar 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Madagascar 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Madagascar 2021: All women age 15-49.
- Malawi 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Malawi 2000: All women age 15-49.
- Malawi 2004: All women age 15-49.
- Malawi 2010: All women age 15-49.
- Malawi 2012: All women age 15-49.
- Malawi 2014: All women age 15-49.
- Malawi 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Malawi 2017: All women age 15-49.
- Mali 1987: All women age 15-49.
- Mali 1995: All women age 15-49.
- Mali 2001: All women age 15-49.
- Mali 2006: All women age 15-49.
- Mali 2012: All women age 15-49.
- Mali 2015: All women age 15-49.
- Mali 2018: All women age 15-49.
- Mali 2021: All women age 15-49.
- Morocco 1987: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Morocco 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Morocco 2003: All women age 15-49.
- Mozambique 1997: All women age 15-49.
- Mozambique 2003: All women age 15-49.
- Mozambique 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Mozambique 2018: All women age 15-49.
- Myanmar 2015: All women age 15-49.
- Namibia 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Namibia 2000: All women age 15-49.
- Namibia 2006: All women age 15-49.
- Namibia 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Nepal 1996: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Nepal 2001: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Nepal 2006: All women age 15-49.
- Nepal 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Nepal 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Niger 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Niger 1998: All women age 15-49.
- Niger 2006: All women age 15-49.
- Niger 2012: All women age 15-49.
- Niger 2021: All women age 15-49.
- Nigeria 1990: All women age 15-49.
- Nigeria 1999: All women age 10-49.
- Nigeria 2003: All women age 15-49.
- Nigeria 2008: All women age 15-49.
- Nigeria 2010: All women age 15-49.
- Nigeria 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Nigeria 2015: All women age 15-49.
- Nigeria 2018: All women age 15-49.
- Nigeria 2021: All women age 15-49.
- Pakistan 1991: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Pakistan 2006: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Pakistan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Pakistan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Rwanda 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Rwanda 2000: All women age 15-49.
- Rwanda 2005: All women age 15-49.
- Rwanda 2008: All women age 15-49.
- Rwanda 2010: All women age 15-49.
- Rwanda 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Rwanda 2014: All women age 15-49.
- Rwanda 2017: All women age 15-49.
- Rwanda 2019: All women age 15-49.
- Sao Tome 2008: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 1986: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 1997: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2005: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2006: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2008: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2010: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2012: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2014: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2015: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2017: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2021: All women age 15-49.
- Sierra Leone 2008: All women age 15-49.
- Sierra Leone 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Sierra Leone 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Sierra Leone 2019: All women age 15-49.
- South Africa 1998: All women age 15-49.
- South Africa 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Sri Lanka 1987: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Sudan 1989: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Tanzania 1991: All women age 15-49.
- Tanzania 1996: All women age 15-49.
- Tanzania 1999: All women age 15-49.
- Tanzania 2004: All women age 15-49.
- Tanzania 2010: All women age 15-49.
- Tanzania 2015: All women age 15-49.
- Tanzania 2017: All women age 15-49.
- Togo 1988: All women age 15-49.
- Togo 1998: All women age 15-49.
- Togo 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Togo 2017: All women age 15-49.
- Tunisia 1988: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Uganda 1988: All women age 15-49.
- Uganda 1995: All women age 15-49.
- Uganda 2001: All women age 15-49.
- Uganda 2006: All women age 15-49.
- Uganda 2009: All women age 15-49.
- Uganda 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Uganda 2014: All women age 15-49.
- Uganda 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Uganda 2018: All women age 15-49.
- Yemen 1991: Ever-married women age 15-54.
- Yemen 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Zambia 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Zambia 1996: All women age 15-49.
- Zambia 2001: All women age 15-49.
- Zambia 2007: All women age 15-49.
- Zambia 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Zambia 2018: All women age 15-49.
- Zimbabwe 1988: All women age 15-49.
- Zimbabwe 1994: All women age 15-49.
- Zimbabwe 1999: All women age 15-49.
- Zimbabwe 2005: All women age 15-49.
- Zimbabwe 2010: All women age 15-49.
- Zimbabwe 2015: All women age 15-49.