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ROOF (HV215)
Main material of roof
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Codes and Frequencies



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Description

ROOF (HV215) reports the main material of the roof of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability.

Comparability

Along with universe differences, the response categories for ROOF (HV215) vary across surveys. To accommodate this variation, IPUMS-DHS uses composite coding, where the first digit broadly distinguishes between natural materials (code 1), rudimentary processed materials (code 2), and finished materials (code 3). The second digit within these broad categories identifies a general subcategory (e.g., metal), and the third digit retains detail present in only some samples (e.g., tin).

The information in ROOF is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis.

Comparability - Standard DHS

ROOF (HV215) is included in the Standard DHS household questionnaire beginning in phase 5.

Universe

  • Afghanistan 2015: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Angola 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Angola 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Bangladesh 1994: Ever-married women age 10-49.
  • Bangladesh 1997: Ever-married women age 10-49.
  • Bangladesh 2000: Ever-married women age 10-49.
  • Bangladesh 2004: Ever-married women age 10-49.
  • Bangladesh 2007: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Bangladesh 2011: Ever-married women age 12-49.
  • Bangladesh 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Bangladesh 2018: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Benin 1996: All women age 15-49.
  • Benin 2001: All women age 15-49.
  • Benin 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Benin 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Benin 2017: All women age 15-49.
  • Burkina Faso 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Burkina Faso 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Burkina Faso 2018: All women age 15-49.
  • Burundi 1987: All women age 15-49.
  • Burundi 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Burundi 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Burundi 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Cameroon 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Cameroon 2018: All women age 15-64.
  • Cameroon 2022: All women age 15-49.
  • Central African Republic 1995: All women age 15-49.
  • Chad 1996: All women age 15-49.
  • Chad 2004: All women age 15-49.
  • Chad 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Comoros 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Congo (Democratic Republic) 2007: All women age 15-49.
  • Congo (Democratic Republic) 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Congo Brazzaville 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • Congo Brazzaville 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Cote d'Ivoire 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Eswatini (Swaziland) 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Ethiopia 2000: All women age 15-49.
  • Ethiopia 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • Ethiopia 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Ethiopia 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Ethiopia 2019: All women age 15-49.
  • Gabon 2000: All women age 15-49.
  • Gabon 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Gambia 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Gambia 2019: All women age 15-49.
  • Ghana 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Ghana 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Ghana 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Ghana 2019: All women age 15-49.
  • Guinea 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Guinea 2018: All women age 15-49.
  • Guinea 2021: All women age 15-49.
  • India 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • India 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • India 2019: All women age 15-49.
  • Jordan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Jordan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Kenya 1993: All women age 15-49.
  • Kenya 1998: All women age 15-49.
  • Kenya 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Kenya 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Kenya 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Kenya 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Kenya 2020: All women age 15-49.
  • Lesotho 2009: All women age 15-49.
  • Lesotho 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Liberia 1986: All women age 15-49.
  • Liberia 2007: All women age 15-49.
  • Liberia 2009: All women age 15-49.
  • Liberia 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Liberia 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Liberia 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Liberia 2019: All women age 15-49.
  • Madagascar 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Madagascar 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Madagascar 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Madagascar 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Madagascar 2021: All women age 15-49.
  • Malawi 1992: All women age 15-49.
  • Malawi 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Malawi 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Malawi 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Malawi 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Malawi 2017: All women age 15-49.
  • Mali 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Mali 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Mali 2018: All women age 15-49.
  • Mali 2021: All women age 15-49.
  • Morocco 1987: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Morocco 1992: All women age 15-49.
  • Mozambique 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Mozambique 2018: All women age 15-49.
  • Myanmar 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Namibia 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Namibia 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Nepal 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Nepal 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Nepal 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Niger 1992: All women age 15-49.
  • Niger 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Niger 2021: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 1999: All women age 10-49.
  • Nigeria 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 2018: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 2021: All women age 15-49.
  • Pakistan 1991: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Pakistan 2006: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Pakistan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Pakistan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Rwanda 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Rwanda 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Rwanda 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Rwanda 2017: All women age 15-49.
  • Rwanda 2019: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 1986: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2017: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2021: All women age 15-49.
  • Sierra Leone 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Sierra Leone 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Sierra Leone 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Sierra Leone 2019: All women age 15-49.
  • South Africa 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Sri Lanka 1987: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Tanzania 2004: All women age 15-49.
  • Tanzania 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Tanzania 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Tanzania 2017: All women age 15-49.
  • Togo 1988: All women age 15-49.
  • Togo 1998: All women age 15-49.
  • Togo 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Togo 2017: All women age 15-49.
  • Tunisia 1988: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 2001: All women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 2009: All women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 2018: All women age 15-49.
  • Yemen 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Zambia 2007: All women age 15-49.
  • Zambia 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Zambia 2018: All women age 15-49.
  • Zimbabwe 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • Zimbabwe 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Zimbabwe 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Afghanistan: 2015-C, 2015-W, 2015-B, 2015-M, 2015-H, 2015-W
  • Angola: 2011-W, 2011-C, 2011-H, 2015-W, 2015-C, 2015-B, 2015-M, 2015-H, 2015-W
  • Bangladesh: 1994-W, 1994-C, 1994-M, 1994-W, 1994-B, 1994-H, 1997-W, 1997-W, 1997-C, 1997-H, 1997-B, 2000-H, 2000-W, 2000-M, 2000-C, 2000-W, 2000-B, 2004-M, 2004-B, 2004-W, 2004-W, 2004-C, 2004-H, 2007-M, 2007-W, 2007-H, 2007-C, 2007-W, 2007-B, 2011-M, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2011-H, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2014-H, 2014-B, 2014-C, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2018-H, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B, 2018-W
  • Benin: 1996-C, 1996-H, 1996-B, 1996-W, 1996-M, 2001-W, 2001-C, 2001-H, 2001-B, 2001-M, 2006-M, 2006-W, 2006-H, 2006-B, 2006-C, 2006-W, 2011-B, 2011-M, 2011-C, 2011-W, 2011-H, 2011-W, 2017-W, 2017-C, 2017-B, 2017-M, 2017-H, 2017-W
  • Burkina Faso: 2010-B, 2010-M, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-H, 2010-W, 2014-W, 2014-C, 2014-H, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-H
  • Burundi: 1987-W, 1987-C, 1987-B, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2010-H, 2010-M, 2010-B, 2010-C, 2012-W, 2012-C, 2012-H, 2016-C, 2016-B, 2016-W, 2016-M, 2016-H, 2016-W
  • Cameroon: 2011-B, 2011-C, 2011-M, 2011-W, 2011-H, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B, 2018-M, 2018-H, 2022-W, 2022-C, 2022-H
  • Central African Republic: 1995-W, 1995-C, 1995-B, 1995-M, 1995-H
  • Chad: 1996-W, 1996-C, 1996-B, 1996-M, 1996-H, 2004-W, 2004-C, 2004-B, 2004-M, 2004-H, 2014-W, 2014-C, 2014-B, 2014-M, 2014-H
  • Comoros: 2012-W, 2012-C, 2012-B, 2012-M, 2012-H, 2012-W
  • Congo (Democratic Republic): 2007-W, 2007-C, 2007-B, 2007-M, 2007-H, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2013-M, 2013-H
  • Congo Brazzaville: 2005-W, 2005-C, 2005-B, 2005-M, 2005-H, 2011-W, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2011-H, 2011-M
  • Cote d'Ivoire: 2011-W, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2011-M, 2011-H
  • Eswatini (Swaziland): 2006-W, 2006-C, 2006-B, 2006-H, 2006-M, 2006-W
  • Ethiopia: 2000-W, 2000-C, 2000-H, 2000-B, 2000-M, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-H, 2005-M, 2005-B, 2005-C, 2011-M, 2011-C, 2011-H, 2011-B, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2016-W, 2016-H, 2016-M, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2016-W, 2019-W, 2019-C, 2019-B, 2019-H
  • Gabon: 2000-W, 2000-C, 2000-B, 2000-M, 2012-W, 2012-C, 2012-B, 2012-H, 2012-M
  • Gambia: 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2013-H, 2013-M, 2013-W, 2019-W, 2019-C, 2019-B, 2019-M, 2019-H
  • Ghana: 2008-B, 2008-M, 2008-W, 2008-H, 2008-W, 2008-C, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2014-B, 2014-C, 2014-H, 2014-M, 2016-W, 2016-C, 2016-H, 2019-W, 2019-C, 2019-H
  • Guinea: 2012-B, 2012-M, 2012-C, 2012-H, 2012-W, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B, 2018-M, 2018-H, 2018-W, 2021-W, 2021-C, 2021-H
  • India: 2005-H, 2005-W, 2005-M, 2005-B, 2005-C, 2005-W, 2015-W, 2015-C, 2015-B, 2015-M, 2015-H, 2015-W, 2019-W, 2019-C, 2019-B, 2019-M, 2019-H
  • Jordan: 2012-H, 2012-W, 2012-B, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2017-W, 2017-C, 2017-B, 2017-M, 2017-H, 2017-W
  • Kenya: 1993-W, 1993-H, 1993-C, 1993-M, 1993-B, 1998-M, 1998-W, 1998-H, 1998-B, 1998-C, 1998-W, 2003-B, 2003-C, 2003-M, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2003-H, 2008-C, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-M, 2008-W, 2008-H, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2014-H, 2014-M, 2014-B, 2014-C, 2015-W, 2015-C, 2015-H, 2020-W, 2020-C, 2020-H
  • Lesotho: 2009-W, 2009-C, 2009-B, 2009-W, 2009-M, 2009-H, 2014-W, 2014-H, 2014-M, 2014-B, 2014-C, 2014-W
  • Liberia: 1986-W, 1986-C, 1986-B, 2007-W, 2007-H, 2007-M, 2007-B, 2007-C, 2009-W, 2009-C, 2009-H, 2011-H, 2011-C, 2011-W, 2013-B, 2013-C, 2013-M, 2013-W, 2013-H, 2013-W, 2016-H, 2016-C, 2016-W, 2019-W, 2019-H, 2019-M, 2019-B, 2019-C, 2019-W
  • Madagascar: 2008-H, 2008-W, 2008-B, 2008-C, 2008-W, 2008-M, 2011-W, 2011-H, 2011-C, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-H, 2016-W, 2016-C, 2016-H, 2021-M, 2021-H, 2021-B, 2021-C, 2021-W
  • Malawi: 1992-H, 1992-C, 1992-W, 1992-M, 1992-B, 2010-C, 2010-M, 2010-W, 2010-H, 2010-B, 2010-W, 2012-H, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2014-W, 2014-C, 2014-H, 2016-M, 2016-W, 2016-H, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2016-W, 2017-W, 2017-C, 2017-H
  • Mali: 2012-C, 2012-W, 2012-H, 2012-M, 2012-W, 2012-B, 2015-W, 2015-C, 2015-H, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B, 2018-M, 2018-H, 2018-W, 2021-W, 2021-C, 2021-H
  • Morocco: 1987-W, 1987-C, 1987-B, 1992-W, 1992-C, 1992-B, 1992-H, 1992-W
  • Mozambique: 2011-B, 2011-M, 2011-C, 2011-H, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-H
  • Myanmar: 2015-C, 2015-W, 2015-B, 2015-M, 2015-H, 2015-W
  • Namibia: 2006-B, 2006-W, 2006-H, 2006-M, 2006-C, 2006-W, 2013-B, 2013-M, 2013-C, 2013-W, 2013-H, 2013-W
  • Nepal: 2006-C, 2006-B, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2006-H, 2006-M, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2011-W, 2011-M, 2011-W, 2011-H, 2016-W, 2016-H, 2016-M, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2016-W
  • Niger: 1992-W, 1992-H, 1992-C, 1992-M, 1992-B, 2012-C, 2012-B, 2012-M, 2012-W, 2012-H, 2012-W, 2021-W, 2021-C, 2021-H
  • Nigeria: 1999-W, 1999-M, 1999-C, 1999-H, 1999-B, 2008-H, 2008-W, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-C, 2008-M, 2010-W, 2010-C, 2010-H, 2013-M, 2013-W, 2013-W, 2013-H, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2015-C, 2015-W, 2015-H, 2018-H, 2018-W, 2018-M, 2018-B, 2018-C, 2018-W, 2021-W, 2021-C, 2021-H
  • Pakistan: 1991-W, 1991-M, 1991-C, 1991-H, 1991-B, 2006-W, 2006-H, 2006-B, 2006-C, 2012-B, 2012-C, 2012-H, 2012-W, 2012-M, 2012-W, 2017-W, 2017-C, 2017-B, 2017-M, 2017-H, 2017-W
  • Rwanda: 2010-H, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2010-C, 2010-M, 2010-B, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-H, 2014-W, 2014-C, 2014-H, 2014-M, 2014-W, 2014-B, 2017-W, 2017-C, 2017-H, 2019-M, 2019-H, 2019-B, 2019-C, 2019-W
  • Senegal: 1986-W, 1986-B, 1986-C, 2008-C, 2008-H, 2008-W, 2010-H, 2010-M, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2010-W, 2012-H, 2012-W, 2012-B, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2014-H, 2014-W, 2014-M, 2014-W, 2014-C, 2014-B, 2015-H, 2015-W, 2015-C, 2015-B, 2015-W, 2015-M, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2016-W, 2016-W, 2016-H, 2016-M, 2017-H, 2017-W, 2017-M, 2017-B, 2017-C, 2017-W, 2021-W, 2021-C, 2021-H
  • Sierra Leone: 2008-C, 2008-B, 2008-H, 2008-M, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2013-H, 2013-M, 2013-W, 2016-H, 2016-C, 2016-W, 2019-M, 2019-B, 2019-W, 2019-C, 2019-W, 2019-H
  • South Africa: 2016-W, 2016-C, 2016-B, 2016-M, 2016-H, 2016-W
  • Sri Lanka: 1987-W, 1987-C, 1987-B
  • Tanzania: 2004-C, 2004-B, 2004-W, 2004-H, 2004-M, 2004-W, 2010-M, 2010-W, 2010-H, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2015-M, 2015-B, 2015-C, 2015-H, 2015-W, 2015-W, 2017-W, 2017-C, 2017-H
  • Togo: 1988-W, 1988-C, 1988-B, 1998-W, 1998-C, 1998-B, 1998-M, 1998-H, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2013-H, 2013-M, 2017-W, 2017-C, 2017-H
  • Tunisia: 1988-W, 1988-C, 1988-B
  • Uganda: 2001-H, 2001-W, 2001-M, 2001-B, 2001-C, 2001-W, 2006-B, 2006-C, 2006-M, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2006-H, 2009-H, 2009-C, 2009-W, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2011-M, 2011-H, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2014-W, 2014-H, 2014-C, 2016-W, 2016-W, 2016-H, 2016-M, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-H
  • Yemen: 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2013-H, 2013-W
  • Zambia: 2007-B, 2007-W, 2007-H, 2007-W, 2007-M, 2007-C, 2013-M, 2013-W, 2013-B, 2013-H, 2013-C, 2013-W, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B, 2018-M, 2018-H, 2018-W
  • Zimbabwe: 2005-C, 2005-B, 2005-H, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-M, 2010-C, 2010-H, 2010-M, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2015-W, 2015-H, 2015-M, 2015-B, 2015-C, 2015-W