Codes and Frequencies
Description
For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPRIVHL indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a traditional practitioner for this problem.
Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from STIADPRIVHLYN, which includes responses to a similar but closed-ended question.
Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables.
Comparability — Index
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GENERAL Bangladesh Congo Brazzaville |
Rwanda South Africa |
Uganda Zimbabwe |
Comparability
In addition to universe differences, the wording of this response category varies across samples. Most commonly, samples categorized this response under an "Other Source" header and labeled it "traditional healer" or "traditional practitioner." Samples that diverge from this convention are noted below.
Additionally, samples vary in how they asked about sexually transmitted infections. For example, surveys in Phase V forward generally asked whether the woman had any STI, a genital sore/ulcer, and a genital discharge. In Phase III, the surveys mentioned additional infections. Due to this variation, researchers are encouraged to view the Survey Text tab for samples of interest.
Comparability - Standard DHS
STIADPRIVHL first appears in Phase III of the Standard DHS questionnaire. Women with a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months are asked whether they sought treatment and, if yes, are asked an open-ended question about where treatment was sought (e.g., "Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anywhere else?"). The base universe in this phase was women who had a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the 12 months prior to the interview.
In Phase IV, women are asked closed-ended questions about whether they sought treatment at specific sources (e.g., "The last time you had (INFECTION), did you seek advice from a health worker in a clinic or hospital?"). Given the conceptual differences between phases, samples from Phase IV are excluded from STIADPRIVHL. For a similar variable using the closed-ended question format, see STIADPRIVHLYN.
STIADPRIVHL is not included in the standard DHS questionnaire in Phase V forward. However, some samples in these phases still included this response category.
Comparability — Bangladesh [top]
In the 2011 Bangladesh survey, there are separate categories for "herbal doctor" and "homeopathic doctor." Because this variable focuses on all traditional practitioners/healers, these responses are consolidated in STIADPRIVHL to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific responses:
Comparability — Congo Brazzaville [top]
In the 2005 Republic of the Congo - Brazzaville survey, there are separate categories for "traditional therapist" and "other traditional therapeutic sources." Because this variable focuses on all traditional herbalists/healers, these responses are consolidated in STIADPRIVHL to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific responses:
Comparability — Rwanda [top]
In the 2010 Rwanda survey, this response category is worded as "traditional birth attendant."
Comparability — South Africa [top]
In the 2016 South Africa survey, there are separate categories for "traditional herbalist" and "traditional healer." Because this variable focuses on all traditional herbalists/healers, these responses are consolidated in STIADPRIVHL to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific responses:
Comparability — Uganda [top]
For Uganda 2006, the survey form does not designate a response category for "traditional practitioner." This variable was probably made after many respondents mentioned "traditional practitioner" in the "other" response category.
Comparability — Zimbabwe [top]
In the 2010 Zimbabwe survey, this response category is worded as "traditional herbalist."
Universe
- Angola 2015: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Bangladesh 2011: Ever-married women age 12-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Benin 1996: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Benin 2006: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Cameroon 1998: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Cameroon 2018: Women age 15-64 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Chad 1996: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Chad 2014: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months, in households selected for the men's survey.
- Congo (Democratic Republic) 2007: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Congo Brazzaville 2005: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex, and who had a sexually transmitted infection, abnormal discharge, or genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Congo Brazzaville 2011: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex, and who had a sexually transmitted infection, abnormal discharge, or genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Cote d'Ivoire 1998: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Eswatini (Swaziland) 2006: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex, and who had a sexually transmitted infection, abnormal discharge, or genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Ethiopia 2005: All women age 15-49.
- Ethiopia 2011: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Ethiopia 2016: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Gabon 2012: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Gambia 2019: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Ghana 2008: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Guinea 1999: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Guinea 2005: All women age 15-49.
- Guinea 2018: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex, and who had a sexually transmitted infection, abnormal discharge, or genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- India 2005: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Kenya 1998: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Kenya 2008: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Kenya 2014: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months, in households selected for the male interview.
- Lesotho 2004: All women age 15-49.
- Lesotho 2009: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Lesotho 2014: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Liberia 2013: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Madagascar 1997: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Madagascar 2008: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months, in households selected for the male interview.
- Mali 1995: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Mali 2006: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Niger 1998: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Niger 2006: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Niger 2012: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Nigeria 1999: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Nigeria 2018: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex, and who had a sexually transmitted infection, abnormal discharge, or genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Rwanda 2010: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Rwanda 2014: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Senegal 1997: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- South Africa 2016: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Togo 1998: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex, have heard of STIs, and who have had a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Uganda 1995: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Uganda 2006: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Zambia 1996: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Zimbabwe 1994: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Zimbabwe 1999: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Zimbabwe 2005: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Zimbabwe 2010: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Zimbabwe 2015: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
