Codes and Frequencies
Description
For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPUBHOS indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they repeated seeking advice or treatment from a public hospital for this problem.
Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables.
For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public hospitals that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in STIADPUBHOS.
Comparability — Index
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GENERAL Angola Bangladesh Burundi Chad |
Egypt Gabon Ghana Guinea Madagascar |
Mali Niger Rwanda Tanzania Zimbabwe |
Comparability
Along with universe differences, STIADPUBHOS varies slightly in question wording. Most commonly, this response category is organized under a "Public Sector" header and is worded as "government hospital." However, some countries diverge from this standard convention, and, in some cases, multiple categories were consolidated to form a single, more comprehensive response. STIADPUBHOS is ultimately concerned with whether the woman mentioned any public hospital as a source of treatment, rather than the specific type of hospital. Countries of particular interest are noted below.
Additionally, samples vary in how they collected information about sexually transmitted infections. For example, surveys in Phase V forward generally asked whether the woman had any STI, a genital sore/ulcer, and a genital discharge. In Phase III, the surveys mentioned additional infections. Due to this variation, researchers are encouraged to review the Survey Text tab for samples of interest.
Comparability - Standard DHS
STIADPUBHOS first appears in Phase III of the Standard DHS questionnaire. Women with a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months are asked whether they sought treatment and, if so, are asked an open-ended question about where treatment was sought (e.g., "Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anywhere else?"). The base universe in this phase was women who had a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the 12 months prior to the interview.
In Phase IV, women are asked closed-ended questions about whether they sought treatment at specific sources (e.g., "The last time you had (INFECTION), did you seek advice from a health worker in a clinic or hospital?"). Given the conceptual differences between phases, samples from Phase IV are excluded from STIADPUBHOS.
In Phase V forward, STIADPUBHOS follows the same format as in Phase III. However, the base universe in these phases was women who had a sexually transmitted infection in the 12 months prior to the interview, thus including women who indicated that they did not seek treatment. To increase comparability across phases, researchers may wish to exclude women who did not seek treatment, using the STIADVICE variable (with women who did not seek advice/treatment coded "0").
Comparability — Angola [top]
In the 2015 Angola survey, there are separate categories for "central hospital," "provincial hospital," and "municipal hospital." Because STIADPUBHOS focuses on all public hospitals, these responses are consolidated in this variable to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
Comparability — Bangladesh [top]
In the 2011 Bangladesh survey, there are separate categories for "public medical college hospital," "district hospital," and "specialized government hospital." Because STIADPUBHOS focuses on all public hospitals, these responses are consolidated in this variable to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
- Medical college hospital is listed as STIADBD1 in IPUMS-DHS
- District hospital is listed as STIADBD2 in IPUMS-DHS
- Specialized government hospital is listed as STIADBD3 in IPUMS-DHS
Additionally, in the 2014 Bangladesh survey there are separate categories for "public medical college hospital" (STIADBD1) and "public district hospital" (STIADBD2), which are consolidated in STIADPUBHOS.
Comparability — Burundi [top]
In the 2016 Burundi survey, there are separate categories for "national reference hospital," "regional reference hospital," and "district hospital." Because STIADPUBHOS focuses on all public hospitals, these responses are consolidated in this variable to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
Comparability — Chad [top]
In the 2014 Chad survey, there are separate categories for "hospital/maternity" and "military/garrison hospital." Because this variable focuses on all public hospitals, these responses are consolidated in STIADPUBHOS to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
Comparability — Egypt [top]
In the 2005 Egypt survey, there are separate categories for "urban hospital," "rural hospital," "university hospital," "teaching hospital." Because STIADPUBHOS focuses on all public hospitals, these responses are consolidated in this variable to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
- Urban hospital is listed as STIADEG1 in IPUMS-DHS
- Rural hospital is listed as STIADEG2 in IPUMS-DHS
- University hospital is listed as STIADEG4 in IPUMS-DHS
- Teaching hospital is listed as STIADEG5 in IPUMS-DHS
Later Egyptian samples diverge from this convention. In the 2008 Egypt survey, "urban hospital" and "rural hospital" are consolidated into one response category, and "university hospital" and "teaching hospital" are also consolidated. For the 2008 Egyptian sample, these responses are consolidated in STIADPUBHOS, and are also preserved in the following country-specific variables:
- Urban/rural hospital is listed as STIADEG3 in IPUMS-DHS
- University/teaching hospital is listed as STIADEG6 in IPUMS-DHS
In the 2014 Egypt survey, urban hospital (STIADEG1), rural hospital (STIADEG2), and university/teaching hospital (STIADEG6) are consolidated in STIADPUBHOS.
Comparability — Gabon [top]
In the 2012 Gabon survey, there are separate categories for "public hospital" and "military hospital." Because STIADPUBHOS focuses on all public hospitals, these responses are consolidated in this variable to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
- Public hospital is listed as STIADGA3 in IPUMS-DHS
- Military hospital is listed as STIADGA4 in IPUMS-DHS
In the 2019 Gabon survey, only "military hospital" is included in STIADPUBHOS. Gabon 2019 is included in STIADGA4 for comparability.
Comparability — Ghana [top]
For Ghana 2008, this response category is "Govt. Hospital/Polyclinic" and is organized under the "Public Sector" header.
Comparability — Guinea [top]
In the 2018 Guinea survey, there are separate categories for "national hospital," "regional hospital," and "prefectoral hospital/communal medical center." Because STIADPUBHOS focuses on all public hospitals, these responses are consolidated in this variable to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
Comparability — Madagascar [top]
In the 2008 Madagascar survey, under the "Public Sector" header, there are separate categories for "Level I government hospital" and "level II government hospital." Because STIADPUBHOS focuses on all public hospitals, these responses are consolidated in this variable to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
Comparability — Mali [top]
In the 2012 and 2018 Mali surveys, under the "Public Sector" header, there are separate categories for "national hospital" and "regional hospital." Because STIADPUBHOS focuses on all public hospitals, these responses are consolidated in this variable to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
- National hospital is listed as STIADML1 in IPUMS-DHS
- Regional hospital is listed as STIADML2 in IPUMS-DHS
In the 2006 Mali survey, national hospital and regional hospital are already consolidated into one response category.
Comparability — Niger [top]
In the 2012 Niger survey, there are separate categories for "national hospital," "regional hospital," "district hospital." Because STIADPUBHOS focuses on all public hospitals, these responses are consolidated in this variable to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
Comparability — Rwanda [top]
In the 2010 and 2014 Rwanda surveys, there are separate categories for "referral hospital" and "district hospital." Because STIADPUBHOS focuses on all public hospitals, these responses are consolidated in this variable to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
Comparability — Tanzania [top]
In the 1996, 2004, and 2010 Tanzania surveys, there are separate categories for "referral/specialist hospital," "regional hospital," and "district hospital." Because this variable focuses on all public hospitals, these responses are consolidated in STIADPUBHOS to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
Comparability — Zimbabwe [top]
In the Zimbabwe 2010 and 2015 surveys, there are separate categories for "central hospital," "provincial hospital," "district hospital," and "rural hospital." Because STIADPUBHOS focuses on all public hospitals, these responses are consolidated in this variable to create a more comprehensive response category. For researchers interested in preserving these country-specific categories:
- Central hospital is listed as STIADZW1 in IPUMS-DHS
- Provincial hospital is listed as STIADZW2 in IPUMS-DHS
- District hospital is listed as STIADZW4 in IPUMS-DHS
- Rural hospital is listed as STIADZW5 in IPUMS-DHS
Earlier Zimbabwean samples diverge from this convention. In the 2005 Zimbabwe survey, "district hospital" and "rural hospital" are consolidated into one response category. This response is consolidated with central hospital (STIADZW1) and provincial hospital (STIADZW2) in STIADPUBHOS. Additionally, the country-specific "district/rural hospital" response is retained and is listed as STIADZW6 in IPUMS-DHS.
In the 1999 Zimbabwe survey, central hospital (STIADZW1), provincial hospital (STIADZW2), and district hospital (STIADZW4) are consolidated in STIADPUBHOS.
In the 1994 Zimbabwe survey, "central hospital" and "provincial hospital" are consolidated into one response category. This response category is combined with district/rural hospital (STIADZW6) in STIADPUBHOS. Additionally, the country-specific "central/provincial hospital" response is retained and is listed as STIADZW3 in IPUMS-DHS.
Universe
- Afghanistan 2015: Ever-married women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Angola 2015: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Bangladesh 2011: Ever-married women age 12-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Bangladesh 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Benin 1996: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Benin 2006: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Benin 2011: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Benin 2017: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months, in households selected for the men's survey.
- Burkina Faso 1998: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Burkina Faso 2010: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Burundi 2010: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Burundi 2016: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Cameroon 1998: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Cameroon 2004: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Cameroon 2011: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Cameroon 2018: Women age 15-64 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Central African Republic 1995: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Chad 1996: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Chad 2014: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months, in households selected for the men's survey.
- Comoros 2012: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Congo (Democratic Republic) 2007: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Congo (Democratic Republic) 2013: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Congo Brazzaville 2005: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex, and who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Congo Brazzaville 2011: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex, and who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Cote d'Ivoire 1998: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Cote d'Ivoire 2011: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Egypt 2005: Ever-married women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Egypt 2008: Ever-married women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Egypt 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Eswatini (Swaziland) 2006: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex, and who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Ethiopia 2005: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Ethiopia 2011: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Ethiopia 2016: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Gabon 2012: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Gambia 2013: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Gambia 2019: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Ghana 2008: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Ghana 2014: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Guinea 1999: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Guinea 2005: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Guinea 2012: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Guinea 2018: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex, and who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- India 2005: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- India 2015: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- India 2019: Women age 15-49 in households selected for the state module, who have ever had sex, and who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Kenya 1998: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Kenya 2008: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Kenya 2014: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months, in households selected for the long questionnaire.
- Lesotho 2004: All women age 15-49.
- Lesotho 2009: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Lesotho 2014: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Liberia 2007: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Liberia 2013: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Liberia 2019: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Madagascar 1997: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Madagascar 2008: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months, in households selected for the men's survey.
- Madagascar 2021: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Malawi 2010: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Malawi 2016: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Mali 1995: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Mali 2006: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Mali 2012: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Mali 2018: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Myanmar 2015: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Namibia 2006: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Namibia 2013: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Nepal 2006: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Nepal 2011: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Nepal 2016: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Niger 1998: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Niger 2006: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Niger 2012: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Nigeria 1999: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Nigeria 2008: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Nigeria 2013: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Nigeria 2018: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex, and who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Pakistan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Pakistan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Rwanda 2005: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Rwanda 2010: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Rwanda 2014: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Sao Tome 2008: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Senegal 1997: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Senegal 2010: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Senegal 2014: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Senegal 2015: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Senegal 2016: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Senegal 2017: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Sierra Leone 2008: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Sierra Leone 2013: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Sierra Leone 2019: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- South Africa 2016: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Tanzania 1996: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Tanzania 2004: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Tanzania 2010: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Togo 1998: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex, have heard of STIs, and who have had an STI for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Togo 2013: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex, and who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Uganda 1995: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Uganda 2006: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Uganda 2011: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Uganda 2016: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Yemen 2013: Ever-married women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Zambia 1996: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Zambia 2007: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Zambia 2013: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Zambia 2018: Women age 15-49 who had an STI, abnormal genital discharge, or a genital ulcer/sore in the last 12 months.
- Zimbabwe 1994: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Zimbabwe 1999: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection for which they sought treatment in the last 12 months.
- Zimbabwe 2005: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Zimbabwe 2010: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
- Zimbabwe 2015: Women age 15-49 who have ever had sex and who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months.
