Description
For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and stopped breastfeeding their child, WHYSTBRFD_ALL (M21_x) reports why they stopped breastfeeding. Children who were breastfed until they died are coded 13 (Child died) as the reason for stopping breastfeeding.
WHYSTBRFD_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (WHYSTBRFD_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., WHYSTBRFD_02, WHYSTBRFD_03, WHYSTBRFD_04, WHYSTBRFD_05, and WHYSTBRFD_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If WHYSTBRFD_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file.
For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then WHYSTBRFD_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS.
Some surveys, specified in the Comparability section, collected this information for the last-born child only.
Comparability — Index
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GENERAL Burundi Ethiopia |
Morocco Pakistan |
Senegal Tunisia |
Comparability
In addition to universe differences and slight differences in question wording, WHYSTBRFD_ALL (M21_x) varies in the number of response categories. To maximize comparability, IPUMS DHS uses composite coding, with the first digit providing the general reason (e.g., "Health problem" (code "10")), and the second digit providing additional detail, when this information is available (e.g., "Mother ill or weak" (code "11")).
Comparability - Standard DHS
WHYSTBRFD_ALL (M21_x) is included in the standard DHS questionnaire for Phase II and III only.
Comparability — Burundi [top]
The 1987 Burundi survey collected this information for the last-born child only.
Comparability — Ethiopia [top]
The 2000 Ethiopian survey collected this information for the last-born child only.
Comparability — Morocco [top]
The 1987 Morocco survey collected this information for the last-born child only.
Comparability — Pakistan [top]
The 2017 Pakistan survey collected this information for the last-born child only.
Comparability — Senegal [top]
The 1986 Senegal survey collected this information for the last-born child only. The 1992 and 1997 Senegal surveys collected this information for additional births.
Comparability — Tunisia [top]
The 1988 Tunisian survey collected this information for the last-born child only.
Universe
- Bangladesh 1994: Ever-married women age 10-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Bangladesh 1997: Ever-married women age 10-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Benin 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
- Burkina Faso 1993: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Burkina Faso 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Burundi 1987: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Cameroon 1991: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Cameroon 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Central African Republic 1995: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Chad 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Comoros 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Cote d'Ivoire 1994: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
- Cote d'Ivoire 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Egypt 1992: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Egypt 1995: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Egypt 2000: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Egypt 2003: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Ethiopia 2000: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Ghana 1993: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Ghana 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Guinea 1999: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- India 1992: Ever-married women age 13-49 who gave birth in the 4 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- India 1998: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Jordan 1990: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Jordan 1997: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Kenya 1993: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Kenya 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Madagascar 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Madagascar 1997: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Malawi 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Mali 1995: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Morocco 1987: Ever-married women age 15-49 whose last-born child under age 5 is still alive and is no longer breastfeeding.
- Morocco 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Morocco 2003: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Mozambique 1997: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
- Namibia 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Nepal 1996: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Niger 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Niger 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
- Nigeria 1990: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Nigeria 1999: Women age 10-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Pakistan 1991: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Pakistan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Rwanda 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Senegal 1986: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Senegal 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Senegal 1997: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- South Africa 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Sri Lanka 1987: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Sudan 1989: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Tanzania 1991: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Tanzania 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Togo 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Tunisia 1988: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Uganda 1995: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 4 years before the survey.
- Yemen 1991: Ever-married women age 15-54 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
- Zambia 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Zambia 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Zimbabwe 1994: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and stopped breastfeeding the child.
