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WKEMPLOYWHEN (V732)
Respondent works all year, seasonally, or occasionally
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Codes and Frequencies



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Description

WKEMPLOYWHEN (V732) indicates whether the woman works throughout the year, seasonally, or occasionally.

Comparability — Index

GENERAL
Angola
 Cote d'Ivoire
Ghana
 Madagascar

Comparability

Along with universe differences and slight variations in question wording, WKEMPLOYWHEN (V732) differs across samples in the response categories. All samples distinguish between working all year and working less than all year. IPUMS-DHS uses composite coding, in which year-round work is coded "10," less than year-round work responses share a common first digit of "2," and additional detail is preserved in the second digit (e.g., "23" for "seasonally").

Most commonly, women who were currently working or had worked at any time in the 12 months prior to the interview were included. The most common question wording is, "Do you usually work throughout the year, or do you work seasonally, or only once in a while?" or some slight variation.

Samples that diverge from these standard conventions are discussed below.

Comparability - Standard DHS

WKEMPLOYWHEN (V732) is included in the standard DHS questionnaire for Phase III forward.

Comparability — Angola [top]

The 2015 Angola survey asks about employment in the household questionnaire rather than in the women's questionnaire. The 2015 Angola household questionnaire asks, "In his/her main job, is (NAME) a permanent, temporary, seasonal, or occasional worker?"

Comparability — Cote d'Ivoire [top]

The 1994 Cote d'Ivoire survey asks, "Is this work temporary, seasonal, or permanent?" and only included women who were currently working at the time of the interview.

Comparability — Ghana [top]

The 1988 Ghana survey asks, "Do you usually work at this job most of the time, part of the time, or do you work seasonally or irregularly?"

Comparability — Madagascar [top]

The 1992 Madagascar survey asks, "Is the work you do temporary, seasonal, or permanent?" and only included women who were currently working at the time of the interview.

Universe

  • Afghanistan 2015: Ever-married women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Angola 2015: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Bangladesh 1994: Ever-married women age 10-49 who are currently working.
  • Bangladesh 1997: Ever-married women age 10-49 who are currently working.
  • Bangladesh 2000: Ever-married women age 10-49 who are currently working.
  • Bangladesh 2004: Ever-married women age 10-49 who are currently working.
  • Bangladesh 2007: Ever-married women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Bangladesh 2011: Ever-married women age 12-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Bangladesh 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Bangladesh 2018: Ever-married women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Benin 1996: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Benin 2001: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Benin 2006: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Benin 2011: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Benin 2017: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Burkina Faso 1998: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Burkina Faso 2003: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Burkina Faso 2010: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Burundi 2010: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Burundi 2016: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Cameroon 1998: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Cameroon 2004: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Cameroon 2011: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Cameroon 2018: Women age 15-64 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Central African Republic 1995: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Chad 1996: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Chad 2004: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Chad 2014: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Comoros 1996: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Comoros 2012: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Congo (Democratic Republic) 2007: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Congo (Democratic Republic) 2013: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Congo Brazzaville 2005: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Congo Brazzaville 2011: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Cote d'Ivoire 1994: Women age 15-49 who are currently working.
  • Cote d'Ivoire 1998: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Cote d'Ivoire 2011: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Egypt 1995: Ever-married women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Egypt 2000: Ever-married women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Egypt 2003: Ever-married women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Egypt 2005: Ever-married women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Egypt 2008: Ever-married women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Egypt 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Eswatini (Swaziland) 2006: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Ethiopia 2000: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Ethiopia 2005: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Ethiopia 2011: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Ethiopia 2016: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Gabon 2000: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Gabon 2012: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Gambia 2013: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Gambia 2019: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Ghana 1988: Women age 15-49 who are currently working.
  • Ghana 1998: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Ghana 2003: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Ghana 2008: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Ghana 2014: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Guinea 1999: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Guinea 2005: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Guinea 2012: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Guinea 2018: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • India 1998: Ever-married women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • India 2015: Women age 15-49, in households selected for the state module, who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • India 2019: Women age 15-49, in households selected for the state module, who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Jordan 1997: Ever-married women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Kenya 1998: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Kenya 2003: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Kenya 2008: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Kenya 2014: Women age 15-49, in households selected for the long questionnaire, who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Lesotho 2004: Women age 15-49 who are currently working.
  • Lesotho 2009: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Lesotho 2014: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Liberia 2007: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Liberia 2013: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Liberia 2019: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Madagascar 1992: Women age 15-49 who are currently working.
  • Madagascar 1997: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Madagascar 2003: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Madagascar 2008: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Madagascar 2021: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Malawi 2000: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Malawi 2004: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Malawi 2010: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Malawi 2016: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Mali 1995: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Mali 2001: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Mali 2006: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Mali 2012: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Mali 2018: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Morocco 2003: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Mozambique 1997: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Mozambique 2003: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Mozambique 2011: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Myanmar 2015: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Namibia 2000: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Namibia 2006: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Namibia 2013: Women age 15-64 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Nepal 1996: Ever-married women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Nepal 2001: Ever-married women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Nepal 2006: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Nepal 2011: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Nepal 2016: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Niger 1998: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Niger 2006: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Niger 2012: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Nigeria 1999: Women age 10-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Nigeria 2003: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Nigeria 2008: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Nigeria 2013: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Nigeria 2018: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Pakistan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Pakistan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Rwanda 2000: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Rwanda 2005: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Rwanda 2010: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Rwanda 2014: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Rwanda 2019: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Sao Tome 2008: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Senegal 2005: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Senegal 2010: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Senegal 2012: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Senegal 2014: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Senegal 2015: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Senegal 2016: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Senegal 2017: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Sierra Leone 2008: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Sierra Leone 2013: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Sierra Leone 2019: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • South Africa 1998: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • South Africa 2016: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Tanzania 1999: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Tanzania 2004: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Tanzania 2010: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Tanzania 2015: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Togo 1998: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Togo 2013: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Uganda 1995: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Uganda 2001: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Uganda 2006: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Uganda 2011: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Uganda 2016: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Yemen 2013: Ever-married women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Zambia 1996: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Zambia 2001: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Zambia 2007: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Zambia 2013: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Zambia 2018: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Zimbabwe 1994: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Zimbabwe 1999: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Zimbabwe 2005: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Zimbabwe 2010: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Zimbabwe 2015: Women age 15-49 who are currently working or have worked in the last 12 months.
  • Afghanistan: 2015-C, 2015-W, 2015-B, 2015-W
  • Angola: 2015-W, 2015-C, 2015-B, 2015-W
  • Bangladesh: 1994-W, 1994-C, 1994-W, 1994-B, 1997-W, 1997-W, 1997-C, 1997-B, 2000-W, 2000-C, 2000-W, 2000-B, 2004-B, 2004-W, 2004-W, 2004-C, 2007-W, 2007-C, 2007-W, 2007-B, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2014-B, 2014-C, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B, 2018-W
  • Benin: 1996-C, 1996-B, 1996-W, 2001-W, 2001-C, 2001-B, 2006-W, 2006-B, 2006-C, 2006-W, 2011-B, 2011-C, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2017-W, 2017-C, 2017-B, 2017-W
  • Burkina Faso: 1998-W, 1998-C, 1998-B, 2003-W, 2003-B, 2003-C, 2003-W, 2010-B, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-W
  • Burundi: 2010-W, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2010-C, 2016-C, 2016-B, 2016-W, 2016-W
  • Cameroon: 1998-W, 1998-C, 1998-B, 2004-B, 2004-C, 2004-W, 2011-B, 2011-C, 2011-W, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B
  • Central African Republic: 1995-W, 1995-C, 1995-B
  • Chad: 1996-W, 1996-C, 1996-B, 2004-W, 2004-C, 2004-B, 2014-W, 2014-C, 2014-B
  • Comoros: 1996-W, 1996-C, 1996-B, 2012-W, 2012-C, 2012-B, 2012-W
  • Congo (Democratic Republic): 2007-W, 2007-C, 2007-B, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B
  • Congo Brazzaville: 2005-W, 2005-C, 2005-B, 2011-W, 2011-C, 2011-B
  • Cote d'Ivoire: 1994-W, 1994-C, 1994-B, 1998-W, 1998-C, 1998-B, 2011-W, 2011-C, 2011-B
  • Egypt: 1995-C, 1995-B, 1995-W, 1995-W, 2000-C, 2000-W, 2000-B, 2000-W, 2003-B, 2003-C, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2005-B, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-C, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-C, 2008-W, 2014-B, 2014-C, 2014-W, 2014-W
  • Eswatini (Swaziland): 2006-W, 2006-C, 2006-B, 2006-W
  • Ethiopia: 2000-W, 2000-C, 2000-B, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-B, 2005-C, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2016-W, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2016-W
  • Gabon: 2000-W, 2000-C, 2000-B, 2012-W, 2012-C, 2012-B
  • Gambia: 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2013-W, 2019-W, 2019-C, 2019-B
  • Ghana: 1988-W, 1988-C, 1988-B, 1998-C, 1998-B, 1998-W, 2003-C, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2003-B, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2008-C, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2014-B, 2014-C
  • Guinea: 1999-W, 1999-C, 1999-B, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-B, 2005-C, 2012-B, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B, 2018-W
  • India: 1998-W, 1998-C, 1998-B, 2015-W, 2015-C, 2015-B, 2015-W, 2019-W, 2019-C, 2019-B
  • Jordan: 1997-W, 1997-W, 1997-B, 1997-C
  • Kenya: 1998-W, 1998-B, 1998-C, 1998-W, 2003-B, 2003-C, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2008-C, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2014-B, 2014-C
  • Lesotho: 2004-C, 2004-B, 2004-W, 2009-W, 2009-C, 2009-B, 2009-W, 2014-W, 2014-B, 2014-C, 2014-W
  • Liberia: 2007-W, 2007-B, 2007-C, 2013-B, 2013-C, 2013-W, 2013-W, 2019-W, 2019-B, 2019-C, 2019-W
  • Madagascar: 1992-C, 1992-B, 1992-W, 1997-W, 1997-C, 1997-B, 2003-W, 2003-C, 2003-W, 2003-B, 2008-W, 2008-B, 2008-C, 2008-W, 2021-B, 2021-C, 2021-W
  • Malawi: 2000-W, 2000-W, 2000-B, 2000-C, 2004-B, 2004-W, 2004-W, 2004-C, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2010-W, 2016-W, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2016-W
  • Mali: 1995-W, 1995-B, 1995-C, 2001-C, 2001-B, 2001-W, 2001-W, 2006-C, 2006-B, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2012-W, 2012-B, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B, 2018-W
  • Morocco: 2003-W, 2003-C, 2003-B, 2003-W
  • Mozambique: 1997-W, 1997-C, 1997-B, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2003-B, 2003-C, 2011-B, 2011-C, 2011-W, 2011-W
  • Myanmar: 2015-C, 2015-W, 2015-B, 2015-W
  • Namibia: 2000-W, 2000-C, 2000-B, 2006-B, 2006-W, 2006-C, 2006-W, 2013-B, 2013-C, 2013-W, 2013-W
  • Nepal: 1996-C, 1996-W, 1996-B, 2001-W, 2001-B, 2001-C, 2006-C, 2006-B, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2016-W, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2016-W
  • Niger: 1998-W, 1998-B, 1998-C, 2006-B, 2006-C, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2012-C, 2012-B, 2012-W, 2012-W
  • Nigeria: 1999-W, 1999-C, 1999-B, 2003-W, 2003-C, 2003-B, 2008-W, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-C, 2013-W, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2018-W, 2018-B, 2018-C, 2018-W
  • Pakistan: 2012-B, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2012-W, 2017-W, 2017-C, 2017-B, 2017-W
  • Rwanda: 2000-W, 2000-W, 2000-C, 2000-B, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-B, 2005-C, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2010-C, 2010-B, 2014-W, 2014-C, 2014-W, 2014-B, 2019-B, 2019-C, 2019-W
  • Sao Tome: 2008-W, 2008-C, 2008-B
  • Senegal: 2005-B, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-C, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2010-W, 2012-W, 2012-B, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2014-C, 2014-B, 2015-W, 2015-C, 2015-B, 2015-W, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2016-W, 2016-W, 2017-W, 2017-B, 2017-C, 2017-W
  • Sierra Leone: 2008-C, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2013-W, 2019-B, 2019-W, 2019-C, 2019-W
  • South Africa: 1998-W, 1998-C, 1998-B, 2016-W, 2016-C, 2016-B, 2016-W
  • Tanzania: 1999-C, 1999-B, 1999-W, 2004-C, 2004-B, 2004-W, 2004-W, 2010-W, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2015-B, 2015-C, 2015-W, 2015-W
  • Togo: 1998-W, 1998-C, 1998-B, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B
  • Uganda: 1995-W, 1995-C, 1995-B, 2001-W, 2001-B, 2001-C, 2001-W, 2006-B, 2006-C, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2016-W, 2016-W, 2016-B, 2016-C
  • Yemen: 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2013-W
  • Zambia: 1996-W, 1996-C, 1996-B, 2001-B, 2001-W, 2001-C, 2007-B, 2007-W, 2007-W, 2007-C, 2013-W, 2013-B, 2013-C, 2013-W, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B, 2018-W
  • Zimbabwe: 1994-W, 1994-W, 1994-B, 1994-C, 1999-C, 1999-B, 1999-W, 1999-W, 2005-C, 2005-B, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2015-W, 2015-B, 2015-C, 2015-W