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NDVI (NDVI)
NDVI monthly time-series
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NDVI variables are numeric variables with values between 0 and 1.

Codes

-998 = Missing

Description

NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) consists of a set of 72 variables. These variables report the maximum NDVI value within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date.

NDVI is a numeric, normalized index that measures live greenness in an area and can be used as a proxy for vegetation. Hypothetically, NDVI values can range from -1.0 to 1.0. The IPUMS-DHS NDVI metric captures the maximum value of NDVI within the 10-kilometer buffer area (i.e., which pixel in the buffer has the maximum NDVI value for a given month), so the values in IPUMS-DHS for NDVI range from 0 to 1.

By adding NDVI to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for:

  • the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., NDVI_01 is the maximum NDVI in the month before the survey start date; NDVI_60 is the maximum NDVI in the 60th month before the survey start date)
  • the month of the survey start date (NDVI_00)
  • the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., NDVI_A01 is the maximum NDVI in the month following the month of the survey start date)

The source data for NDVI come from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) dataset, which covers the period February 2000 to October 2018. Only IPUMS-DHS samples whose data collection period overlapped with February 2000 or later are included in the NDVI variable (e.g., Bangladesh 2000). Note, however, that a sample fielded beginning in February 2000 would have non-missing NDVI values for the survey start month and the 11 following months, but would have only missing data values for the 60 months preceding the survey start date.

Researchers who need NDVI values for the full 5 years preceding the survey start--for example, to relate to health outcomes for children under age 5--should restrict their analysis to samples fielded from February 2005 forward.

NDVI, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation on these variables.

Comparability

NDVI variables are comparable across samples.

Comparability - Standard DHS

NDVI variables are contextual variables based on sources outside the DHS data.

Universe

  • Angola 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Bangladesh 2000: Ever-married women age 10-49.
  • Bangladesh 2004: Ever-married women age 10-49.
  • Bangladesh 2007: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Bangladesh 2011: Ever-married women age 12-49.
  • Bangladesh 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Bangladesh 2018: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Benin 2001: All women age 15-49.
  • Benin 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Benin 2017: All women age 15-49.
  • Burkina Faso 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Burkina Faso 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Burundi 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Burundi 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Cameroon 2004: All women age 15-49.
  • Cameroon 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Cameroon 2018: All women age 15-64.
  • Chad 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Congo (Democratic Republic) 2007: All women age 15-49.
  • Congo (Democratic Republic) 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Cote d'Ivoire 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Egypt 2000: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Egypt 2005: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Egypt 2008: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Egypt 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Ethiopia 2000: All women age 15-49.
  • Ethiopia 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • Ethiopia 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Ethiopia 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Ghana 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Ghana 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Ghana 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Ghana 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Guinea 1999: All women age 15-49.
  • Guinea 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • Guinea 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Guinea 2018: All women age 15-49.
  • India 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Jordan 2002: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Jordan 2007: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Jordan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Jordan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Kenya 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Kenya 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Kenya 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Lesotho 2004: All women age 15-49.
  • Lesotho 2009: All women age 15-49.
  • Lesotho 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Madagascar 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Malawi 2000: All women age 15-49.
  • Malawi 2004: All women age 15-49.
  • Malawi 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Malawi 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Mali 2001: All women age 15-49.
  • Mali 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Mali 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Mali 2018: All women age 15-49.
  • Morocco 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Mozambique 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Myanmar 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Namibia 2000: All women age 15-49.
  • Namibia 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Namibia 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Nepal 2001: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Nepal 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Nepal 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Nepal 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 2018: All women age 15-49.
  • Pakistan 2006: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Pakistan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Rwanda 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • Rwanda 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Rwanda 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2014: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Tanzania 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Tanzania 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 2001: All women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Zambia 2007: All women age 15-49.
  • Zambia 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Zambia 2018: All women age 15-49.
  • Zimbabwe 1999: All women age 15-49.
  • Zimbabwe 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • Zimbabwe 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Zimbabwe 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Angola: 2015-W, 2015-C, 2015-B, 2015-M, 2015-H, 2015-W
  • Bangladesh: 2000-H, 2000-M, 2000-C, 2000-W, 2000-B, 2004-M, 2004-B, 2004-W, 2004-W, 2004-C, 2004-H, 2007-M, 2007-W, 2007-H, 2007-C, 2007-W, 2007-B, 2011-M, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2011-H, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2014-H, 2014-B, 2014-C, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2018-H, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B, 2018-W
  • Benin: 2001-W, 2001-C, 2001-H, 2001-B, 2001-M, 2011-B, 2011-M, 2011-C, 2011-W, 2011-H, 2011-W, 2017-W, 2017-C, 2017-B, 2017-M, 2017-H, 2017-W
  • Burkina Faso: 2003-M, 2003-W, 2003-H, 2003-B, 2003-C, 2003-W, 2010-B, 2010-M, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-H, 2010-W
  • Burundi: 2010-W, 2010-W, 2010-H, 2010-M, 2010-B, 2010-C, 2016-C, 2016-B, 2016-W, 2016-M, 2016-H, 2016-W
  • Cameroon: 2004-M, 2004-H, 2004-B, 2004-C, 2004-W, 2011-B, 2011-C, 2011-M, 2011-W, 2011-H, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B, 2018-M, 2018-H
  • Chad: 2014-W, 2014-C, 2014-B, 2014-M, 2014-H
  • Congo (Democratic Republic): 2007-W, 2007-C, 2007-B, 2007-M, 2007-H, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2013-M, 2013-H
  • Cote d'Ivoire: 2011-W, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2011-M, 2011-H
  • Egypt: 2000-C, 2000-W, 2000-H, 2000-B, 2000-W, 2005-B, 2005-W, 2005-H, 2005-W, 2005-C, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-H, 2008-C, 2008-W, 2014-H, 2014-B, 2014-C, 2014-W, 2014-W
  • Ethiopia: 2000-W, 2000-C, 2000-H, 2000-B, 2000-M, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-H, 2005-M, 2005-B, 2005-C, 2011-M, 2011-C, 2011-H, 2011-B, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2016-W, 2016-H, 2016-M, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2016-W
  • Ghana: 2003-C, 2003-W, 2003-H, 2003-M, 2003-W, 2003-B, 2008-B, 2008-M, 2008-W, 2008-H, 2008-W, 2008-C, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2014-B, 2014-C, 2014-H, 2014-M, 2016-W, 2016-C, 2016-H
  • Guinea: 1999-W, 1999-C, 1999-H, 1999-B, 1999-M, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-H, 2005-M, 2005-B, 2005-C, 2012-B, 2012-M, 2012-C, 2012-H, 2012-W, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B, 2018-M, 2018-H, 2018-W
  • India: 2015-W, 2015-C, 2015-B, 2015-M, 2015-H, 2015-W
  • Jordan: 2002-C, 2002-B, 2002-W, 2002-W, 2002-H, 2007-C, 2007-B, 2007-W, 2007-W, 2007-H, 2012-H, 2012-W, 2012-B, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2017-W, 2017-C, 2017-B, 2017-M, 2017-H, 2017-W
  • Kenya: 2003-B, 2003-C, 2003-M, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2003-H, 2008-C, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-M, 2008-W, 2008-H, 2014-W, 2014-H, 2014-M, 2014-B, 2014-C
  • Lesotho: 2004-C, 2004-B, 2004-W, 2004-M, 2004-H, 2009-W, 2009-C, 2009-B, 2009-M, 2009-H, 2014-W, 2014-H, 2014-M, 2014-B, 2014-C, 2014-W
  • Madagascar: 2008-H, 2008-W, 2008-B, 2008-C, 2008-W, 2008-M
  • Malawi: 2000-W, 2000-W, 2000-H, 2000-M, 2000-B, 2000-C, 2004-B, 2004-W, 2004-H, 2004-W, 2004-M, 2004-C, 2010-C, 2010-M, 2010-W, 2010-H, 2010-B, 2010-W, 2016-M, 2016-W, 2016-H, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2016-W
  • Mali: 2001-C, 2001-B, 2001-M, 2001-W, 2001-H, 2001-W, 2006-C, 2006-B, 2006-W, 2006-M, 2006-W, 2006-H, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2012-H, 2012-M, 2012-W, 2012-B, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B, 2018-M, 2018-H, 2018-W
  • Morocco: 2003-W, 2003-C, 2003-B, 2003-H, 2003-W
  • Mozambique: 2011-B, 2011-M, 2011-C, 2011-H, 2011-W, 2011-W
  • Myanmar: 2015-C, 2015-W, 2015-B, 2015-M, 2015-H, 2015-W
  • Namibia: 2000-W, 2000-C, 2000-H, 2000-B, 2000-M, 2006-B, 2006-W, 2006-H, 2006-M, 2006-C, 2006-W, 2013-B, 2013-M, 2013-C, 2013-W, 2013-H
  • Nepal: 2001-W, 2001-M, 2001-H, 2001-B, 2001-C, 2006-C, 2006-B, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2006-H, 2006-M, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2011-W, 2011-M, 2011-W, 2011-H, 2016-W, 2016-H, 2016-M, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2016-W
  • Nigeria: 2003-W, 2003-C, 2003-B, 2003-H, 2003-M, 2008-H, 2008-W, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-C, 2008-M, 2013-M, 2013-W, 2013-W, 2013-H, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2018-H, 2018-W, 2018-M, 2018-B, 2018-C, 2018-W
  • Pakistan: 2006-W, 2006-H, 2006-B, 2006-C, 2017-W, 2017-C, 2017-B, 2017-M, 2017-H, 2017-W
  • Rwanda: 2005-H, 2005-W, 2005-M, 2005-W, 2005-B, 2005-C, 2010-H, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2010-C, 2010-M, 2010-B, 2014-W, 2014-C, 2014-H, 2014-M, 2014-W, 2014-B
  • Senegal: 2005-B, 2005-M, 2005-H, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-C, 2010-H, 2010-M, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2010-W, 2012-H, 2012-W, 2012-B, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2014-H, 2014-W, 2014-M, 2014-W, 2014-C, 2014-B, 2015-H, 2015-W, 2015-C, 2015-B, 2015-W, 2015-M, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2016-W, 2016-W, 2016-H, 2016-M
  • Tanzania: 2010-M, 2010-W, 2010-H, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2015-M, 2015-B, 2015-C, 2015-H, 2015-W, 2015-W
  • Uganda: 2001-H, 2001-W, 2001-M, 2001-B, 2001-C, 2001-W, 2006-B, 2006-C, 2006-M, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2006-H, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2011-M, 2011-H, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2016-W, 2016-W, 2016-H, 2016-M, 2016-B, 2016-C
  • Zambia: 2007-B, 2007-W, 2007-H, 2007-W, 2007-M, 2007-C, 2013-M, 2013-W, 2013-B, 2013-H, 2013-C, 2013-W, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B, 2018-M, 2018-H, 2018-W
  • Zimbabwe: 1999-C, 1999-B, 1999-H, 1999-M, 1999-W, 1999-W, 2005-C, 2005-B, 2005-H, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-M, 2010-C, 2010-H, 2010-M, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2015-W, 2015-H, 2015-M, 2015-B, 2015-C, 2015-W