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BIOFWTHTSDRMDHS (V444A)
Weight for height standard deviations from the reference median (DHS) (respondents to female survey)
Return to Female anthropometry variables list

BIOFWTHTSDRMDHS (V444A) is a 4-digit numeric variable with 2 implied decimal places.

Codes

9995 = Flagged cases
9998 = Missing
9999 = NIU (not in universe)

Description

BIOFWTHTSDRMDHS (V444A) reports the difference between the respondent's weight and the median weight of a reference population of the same height and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. This variable uses a DHS reference standard.

An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. BIOFWTHTSDRMDHS values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing BIOFWTHTSDRMDHS by 100 will yield the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) value.

The complementary DHS variable BIOFWTHTPCTDHS (V442) reports weight-for-height percentiles within the same reference population. Unlike z-scores, percentiles do not allow comparison across age and sex and cannot assess longitudinal change in growth status; users are advised to consult anthropometry literature for further discussion.

Comparability

Apart from universe differences, BIOFWTHTSDRMDHS (V444A) has no comparability problems.

Comparability - Standard DHS

BIOFWTHTSDRMDHS (V444A) is included in Phase IV forward of the standard DHS recode.

Universe

  • Bangladesh 1997: Ever-married women age 10-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Bangladesh 2000: Ever-married women age 10-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Bangladesh 2004: Ever-married women age 10-49.
  • Bangladesh 2007: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Bangladesh 2011: Ever-married women age 12-49.
  • Bangladesh 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Benin 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Benin 2001: All women age 15-49.
  • Benin 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Benin 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Benin 2017: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Burkina Faso 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Burkina Faso 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Burkina Faso 2010: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Burundi 2016: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Cameroon 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Cameroon 2004: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Cameroon 2011: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Cameroon 2018: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Central African Republic 1995: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Chad 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Chad 2004: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Chad 2014: Women age 15-49 in households not selected for the men's survey.
  • Comoros 2012: All women age 15-49.
  • Congo (Democratic Republic) 2007: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Congo (Democratic Republic) 2013: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Congo Brazzaville 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • Congo Brazzaville 2011: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Cote d'Ivoire 1994: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Cote d'Ivoire 1998: All women age 15-49.
  • Cote d'Ivoire 2011: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Egypt 1995: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Egypt 2000: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Egypt 2003: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Egypt 2005: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Egypt 2008: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Egypt 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Eswatini (Swaziland) 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Ethiopia 2000: All women age 15-49.
  • Ethiopia 2005: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Ethiopia 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Ethiopia 2016: All women age 15-49.
  • Gabon 2000: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Gabon 2012: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Gambia 2013: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Gambia 2019: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Ghana 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ghana 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Ghana 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Ghana 2014: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Guinea 1999: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Guinea 2005: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Guinea 2012: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Guinea 2018: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • India 1998: Ever-married women age 15-49 whose health visit was completed or partially completed.
  • India 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • India 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • India 2019: All women age 15-49.
  • Jordan 1997: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Jordan 2002: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Jordan 2007: Ever-married women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Jordan 2009: Ever-married women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Jordan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Jordan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49 in households selected for women's biomarkers.
  • Kenya 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Kenya 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Kenya 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Kenya 2014: Women age 15-49 in households selected for the long questionnaire.
  • Lesotho 2004: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Lesotho 2009: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Lesotho 2014: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Liberia 2007: All women age 15-49.
  • Liberia 2013: Women age 15-49 in households selected for the men's survey.
  • Liberia 2019: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Madagascar 1997: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Madagascar 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Madagascar 2008: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Malawi 2000: All women age 15-49.
  • Malawi 2004: All women age 15-49.
  • Malawi 2010: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Malawi 2016: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Mali 1995: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Mali 2001: All women age 15-49.
  • Mali 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Mali 2012: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Mali 2018: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Morocco 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Mozambique 1997: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Mozambique 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Mozambique 2011: All women age 15-49.
  • Myanmar 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Namibia 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Namibia 2013: Women age 15-64 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Nepal 1996: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Nepal 2001: Ever-married women age 15-49.
  • Nepal 2006: All women age 15-49.
  • Nepal 2011: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Nepal 2016: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Niger 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Niger 2006: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Niger 2012: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Nigeria 1999: Women age 10-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Nigeria 2003: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Nigeria 2018: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Pakistan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49 for whom a measurement was found in the household.
  • Pakistan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49 in households selected for the men's survey.
  • Rwanda 2000: All women age 15-49.
  • Rwanda 2005: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Rwanda 2010: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Rwanda 2014: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Sao Tome 2008: All women age 15-49.
  • Senegal 2005: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Senegal 2010: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Sierra Leone 2008: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Sierra Leone 2013: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Sierra Leone 2019: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • South Africa 2016: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Tanzania 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Tanzania 2004: All women age 15-49.
  • Tanzania 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Tanzania 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Togo 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Togo 2013: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Uganda 1995: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 4 years before the survey.
  • Uganda 2001: All women age 15-49.
  • Uganda 2006: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Uganda 2011: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Uganda 2016: Women age 15-49 in households selected for hemoglobin measurements.
  • Yemen 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Zambia 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zambia 2001: All women age 15-49.
  • Zambia 2007: All women age 15-49.
  • Zambia 2013: All women age 15-49.
  • Zimbabwe 1994: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Zimbabwe 1999: All women age 15-49.
  • Zimbabwe 2005: All women age 15-49.
  • Zimbabwe 2010: All women age 15-49.
  • Zimbabwe 2015: All women age 15-49.
  • Bangladesh: 1997-W, 1997-W, 1997-C, 1997-B, 2000-W, 2000-C, 2000-W, 2000-B, 2004-B, 2004-W, 2004-W, 2004-C, 2007-W, 2007-C, 2007-W, 2007-B, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2014-B, 2014-C, 2014-W, 2014-W
  • Benin: 1996-C, 1996-B, 1996-W, 2001-W, 2001-C, 2001-B, 2006-W, 2006-B, 2006-C, 2006-W, 2011-B, 2011-C, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2017-W, 2017-C, 2017-B, 2017-W
  • Burkina Faso: 1998-W, 1998-C, 1998-B, 2003-W, 2003-B, 2003-C, 2003-W, 2010-B, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-W
  • Burundi: 2016-C, 2016-B, 2016-W, 2016-W
  • Cameroon: 1998-W, 1998-C, 1998-B, 2004-B, 2004-C, 2004-W, 2011-B, 2011-C, 2011-W, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B
  • Central African Republic: 1995-W, 1995-C, 1995-B
  • Chad: 1996-W, 1996-C, 1996-B, 2004-W, 2004-C, 2004-B, 2014-W, 2014-C, 2014-B
  • Comoros: 2012-W, 2012-C, 2012-B, 2012-W
  • Congo (Democratic Republic): 2007-W, 2007-C, 2007-B, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B
  • Congo Brazzaville: 2005-W, 2005-C, 2005-B, 2011-W, 2011-C, 2011-B
  • Cote d'Ivoire: 1994-W, 1994-C, 1994-B, 1998-W, 1998-C, 1998-B, 2011-W, 2011-C, 2011-B
  • Egypt: 1995-C, 1995-B, 1995-W, 1995-W, 2000-C, 2000-W, 2000-B, 2000-W, 2003-B, 2003-C, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2005-B, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-C, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-C, 2008-W, 2014-B, 2014-C, 2014-W, 2014-W
  • Eswatini (Swaziland): 2006-W, 2006-C, 2006-B, 2006-W
  • Ethiopia: 2000-W, 2000-C, 2000-B, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-B, 2005-C, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2016-W, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2016-W
  • Gabon: 2000-W, 2000-C, 2000-B, 2012-W, 2012-C, 2012-B
  • Gambia: 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2013-W, 2019-W, 2019-C, 2019-B
  • Ghana: 1998-C, 1998-B, 1998-W, 2003-C, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2003-B, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2008-C, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2014-B, 2014-C
  • Guinea: 1999-W, 1999-C, 1999-B, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-B, 2005-C, 2012-B, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B, 2018-W
  • India: 1998-W, 1998-C, 1998-B, 2005-W, 2005-B, 2005-C, 2005-W, 2015-W, 2015-C, 2015-B, 2015-W, 2019-W, 2019-C, 2019-B
  • Jordan: 1997-W, 1997-W, 1997-B, 1997-C, 2002-C, 2002-B, 2002-W, 2002-W, 2007-C, 2007-B, 2007-W, 2007-W, 2009-C, 2009-W, 2009-W, 2009-B, 2012-W, 2012-B, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2017-W, 2017-C, 2017-B, 2017-W
  • Kenya: 1998-W, 1998-B, 1998-C, 1998-W, 2003-B, 2003-C, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2008-C, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2014-B, 2014-C
  • Lesotho: 2004-C, 2004-B, 2004-W, 2009-W, 2009-C, 2009-B, 2009-W, 2014-W, 2014-B, 2014-C, 2014-W
  • Liberia: 2007-W, 2007-B, 2007-C, 2013-B, 2013-C, 2013-W, 2013-W, 2019-W, 2019-B, 2019-C, 2019-W
  • Madagascar: 1997-W, 1997-C, 1997-B, 2003-W, 2003-C, 2003-W, 2003-B, 2008-W, 2008-B, 2008-C, 2008-W
  • Malawi: 2000-W, 2000-W, 2000-B, 2000-C, 2004-B, 2004-W, 2004-W, 2004-C, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2010-W, 2016-W, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2016-W
  • Mali: 1995-W, 1995-B, 1995-C, 2001-C, 2001-B, 2001-W, 2001-W, 2006-C, 2006-B, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2012-W, 2012-B, 2018-W, 2018-C, 2018-B, 2018-W
  • Morocco: 2003-W, 2003-C, 2003-B, 2003-W
  • Mozambique: 1997-W, 1997-C, 1997-B, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2003-B, 2003-C, 2011-B, 2011-C, 2011-W, 2011-W
  • Myanmar: 2015-C, 2015-W, 2015-B, 2015-W
  • Namibia: 2006-B, 2006-W, 2006-C, 2006-W, 2013-B, 2013-C, 2013-W, 2013-W
  • Nepal: 1996-C, 1996-W, 1996-B, 2001-W, 2001-B, 2001-C, 2006-C, 2006-B, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2016-W, 2016-B, 2016-C, 2016-W
  • Niger: 1998-W, 1998-B, 1998-C, 2006-B, 2006-C, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2012-C, 2012-B, 2012-W, 2012-W
  • Nigeria: 1999-W, 1999-C, 1999-B, 2003-W, 2003-C, 2003-B, 2008-W, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-C, 2013-W, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2018-W, 2018-W
  • Pakistan: 2012-B, 2012-C, 2012-W, 2012-W, 2017-W, 2017-C, 2017-B, 2017-W
  • Rwanda: 2000-W, 2000-W, 2000-C, 2000-B, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-B, 2005-C, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2010-C, 2010-B, 2014-W, 2014-C, 2014-W, 2014-B
  • Sao Tome: 2008-W, 2008-C, 2008-B
  • Senegal: 2005-B, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2005-C, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2010-W
  • Sierra Leone: 2008-C, 2008-B, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2013-W, 2019-B, 2019-W, 2019-C, 2019-W
  • South Africa: 2016-W, 2016-C, 2016-B, 2016-W
  • Tanzania: 1996-W, 1996-B, 1996-C, 2004-C, 2004-B, 2004-W, 2004-W, 2010-W, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2015-B, 2015-C, 2015-W, 2015-W
  • Togo: 1998-W, 1998-C, 1998-B, 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B
  • Uganda: 1995-W, 1995-C, 1995-B, 2001-W, 2001-B, 2001-C, 2001-W, 2006-B, 2006-C, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2011-C, 2011-B, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2016-W, 2016-W, 2016-B, 2016-C
  • Yemen: 2013-W, 2013-C, 2013-B, 2013-W
  • Zambia: 1996-W, 1996-C, 1996-B, 2001-B, 2001-W, 2001-C, 2007-B, 2007-W, 2007-W, 2007-C, 2013-W, 2013-B, 2013-C, 2013-W
  • Zimbabwe: 1994-W, 1994-W, 1994-B, 1994-C, 1999-C, 1999-B, 1999-W, 1999-W, 2005-C, 2005-B, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2010-C, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2010-B, 2015-W, 2015-B, 2015-C, 2015-W