POPWT_HH, POPWT, KIDWT, and MENWT Expansion Factors

For IPUMS-DHS household member samples, IPUMS has created the variable POPWT_HH to generate weighted count estimates of individuals in each country. For example, POPWT_HH could be used as an inflation factor to find the approximate number of people in Tanzania in 2015 who slept under an insecticide treated bednet (ITN) the night before the survey.

The household weight constructed by The DHS Program (HHWEIGHT) is a normalized weight. It will yield the correct proportion of the population with a characteristic, but it will not indicate the raw count of people that proportion represents. For example, using HHWEIGHT, a researcher can estimate the share of people in Tanzania who sleep under ITNs. To convert such results into the total number of people sleeping under ITNs in that country, employ POPWT_HH instead.

POPWT_HH is designed to give estimates subject to the same margin of error as the original HHWEIGHT, in addition to the margin of error for population estimates provided by the United Nations Population Division.

Currently, POPWT_HH is available for household members, POPWT is available for women samples only, KIDWT is available for children under age 5, and MENWT is available for men samples, except for men samples with universes only including ever-married men.

Construction of POPWT_HH

  1. The total population of each country in each year was collected from the United Nations Population Division and is also found in Table 1. The population estimates from the UNPD are for July 1 of that year. For samples that were conducted over two years, IPUMS-DHS used the arithmetic mean of the population estimates for the earlier and later years.
  2. Calculate the sum of HHWEIGHT for all individuals within the sample of interest (usually the size of the sample).
  3. POPWT of individual i = (HHWEIGHT of individual i / Sum of HHWEIGHT in the sample) * Total population in that country in that year.

For example, using the the 2015 Tanzania sample in Stata, a frequency tabulation of ever-treated bednet use the previous night shows that 43.73 percent of the sample reported sleeping, during the previous night, under a bednet that has ever been treated with insecticide.

			
tab mlnetevertr

person slept under an |
     ever-treated net |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
----------------------+-----------------------------------
                   no |     36,507       56.27       56.27
                  yes |     28,373       43.73      100.00
----------------------+-----------------------------------
                Total |     64,880      100.00

When weighted with HHWEIGHT, the analysis estimates that 42.95 percent of people in Tanzania slept under an ever-treated bednet the previous night.

			

tab mlnetevertr [aw=hhweight]

person slept under an |
     ever-treated net |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
----------------------+-----------------------------------
                   no | 37,015.96       57.05       57.05
                  yes | 27,864.05       42.95      100.00
----------------------+-----------------------------------
                Total |     64,880      100.00

When weighted with POPWT_HH instead of HHWEIGHT, the analysis estimates that approximately 23,503,077 people in Tanzania slept under an ever-treated bednet the previous night.

			
tab mlnetevertr [fw=popwt_hh]

person slept under an |
     ever-treated net |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
----------------------+-----------------------------------
                   no | 31,222,908       57.05       57.05
                  yes | 23,503,077       42.95      100.00
----------------------+-----------------------------------
                Total | 54,725,985      100.00
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Table 1: Population figures used to construct POPWT_HH, POPWT, KIDWT, and MENWT
IPUMS-DHS sample Year of population estimate Population estimates
Household members Women Children under age 5 Men
Afghanistan 2015 2015 33,736,494 7,717,838 5,500,914 N/A
Angola 2006* 2006 20,162,340 4,675,912 3,784,679 N/A
Angola 2011* 2011 24,259,111 5,605,913 4,550,349 N/A
Angola 2015 2015-2016 28,336,384 6,464,701 5,192,358 6,500,133
Bangladesh 1994 1993-1994 114,938,703 26,991,130 N/A N/A
Bangladesh 1997 1996-1997 122,562,143 29,554,631 16,160,170 N/A
Bangladesh 2000 1999-2000 130,305,467 32,352,208 16,282,150 N/A
Bangladesh 2004 2004 141,307,489 36,836,886 16,275,278 39,220,091
Bangladesh 2007 2007 147,139,191 39,492,879 15,911,480 N/A
Bangladesh 2011 2011 153,911,916 42,495,445 15,076,216 N/A
Bangladesh 2014 2014 159,405,279 44,411,303 14,770,880 N/A
Bangladesh 2018 2018 160,531,000 44,933,322 14,516,613 N/A
Benin 1996 1996 6,094,259 1,377,936 N/A 1,189,251
Benin 2001 2001 7,076,733 1,611,445 1,252,442 1,783,657
Benin 2006 2006 8,216,896 1,895,682 1,413,739 2,119,765
Benin 2011 2012 9,729,160 2,271,211 1,600,013 2,476,803
Benin 2017 2017-2018 11,330,000 2,675,094 1,809,155 3,003,145
Burkina Faso 1993 1993 9,552,476 2,129,797 1,794,843 2,050,028
Burkina Faso 1998 1998-1999 11,125,713 2,519,321 2,060,346 2,565,923
Burkina Faso 2003 2003 12,654,621 2,889,589 2,360,635 3,020,805
Burkina Faso 2010 2010 15,605,217 3,579,388 2,842,946 3,827,366
Burkina Faso 2014* 2014 18,169,842 148,013 3,277,682 N/A
Burkina Faso 2018* 2018 20,392,723 155,998 3,467,806 N/A
Burundi 1987 1987 N/A 1,136,645 1,021,437 N/A
Burundi 2010 2010 8,766,930 2,059,472 1,578,653 2,197,546
Burundi 2012* 2012 9,795,479 2,307,466 1,911,821 N/A
Burundi 2016 2016-2017 10,694,181 2,492,042 1,905,899 2,614,174
Cameroon 1991 1991 12,060,729 2,601,167 2,249,394 N/A
Cameroon 1998 1998 14,523,570 3,229,202 N/A 3,605,815
Cameroon 2004 2004 16,959,081 3,907,239 2,951,589 4,373,294
Cameroon 2011 2011 20,520,447 4,829,207 3,545,138 5,424,683
Cameroon 2018 2018 25,216,000 6,082,962 4,003,013 6,879,683
Cameroon 2022*^ 2022 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Central African Republic 1995 1995 3,179,000 742,945 N/A 801,707
Chad 1996 1996 7,493,251 1,598,259 N/A 1,682,246
Chad 2004 2004 9,710,043 2,061,838 N/A 2,253,049
Chad 2014 2014 13,789,425 3,047,953 N/A 3,270,781
Comoros 1996 1996 489,000 109,798 N/A 117,544
Comoros 2012 2012 724,000 176,377 N/A 199,714
Congo Brazzaville 2005 2005 3,623,000 898,150 594,828 969,949
Congo Brazzaville 2011 2011 4,452,500 1,082,041 725,637 1,185,687
Congo, Democratic Republic 2007 2007 58,417,562 13,019,597 N/A 14,299,673
Congo, Democratic Republic 2013 2013 71,316,033 15,792,129 N/A 17,365,764
Cote d'Ivoire 1994 1994 14,083,611 3,044,580 N/A 3,750,199
Cote d'Ivoire 1998 1998-1999 16,092,393 3,559,362 2,686,590 4,241,948
Cote d'Ivoire 2011 2011 20,895,311 4,911,719 3,390,280 5,582,952
Egypt 1988 1988 N/A 12,352,198 8,495,019 N/A
Egypt 1992 1992-1993 60,655,569 13,956,203 8,702,822 N/A
Egypt 1995 1995-1996 64,323,921 15,156,079 8,385,616 N/A
Egypt 2000 2000 69,905,988 17,204,523 8,557,270 N/A
Egypt 2003 2003 73,981,942 18,385,132 8,744,939 N/A
Egypt 2005 2005 76,778,149 19,914,885 8,797,235 N/A
Egypt 2008 2008 80,953,881 21,222,387 9,135,679 N/A
Egypt 2014 2014 91,812,566 23,420,937 11,943,129 N/A
Ethiopia 2000 2000 66,537,331 14,685,712 12,347,590 15,927,246
Ethiopia 2005 2005 76,727,083 17,067,653 13,553,113 18,344,292
Ethiopia 2011 2011 90,046,756 20,848,483 14,428,312 22,555,603
Ethiopia 2016 2016 102,403,196 24,991,034 15,823,334 27,408,903
Ethiopia 2019 2019 112,079,000 27,620,498 16,560,834 N/A
Gabon 2000 2000 1,228,000 278,760 184,690 315,519
Gabon 2012 2012 1,750,000 441,083 253,983 518,386
Gambia 2013 2013 1,964,000 471,456 346,839 490,171
Gambia 2019 2019 2,348,000 573,507 401,238 595,937
Ghana 1988 1988 N/A 3,119,319 2,427,597 N/A
Ghana 1993 1993 15,896,432 3,680,291 N/A 4,180,687
Ghana 1998 1998-1999 18,257,053 4,315,627 2,956,504 4,852,909
Ghana 2003 2003 20,446,782 4,969,608 3,199,225 5,646,170
Ghana 2008 2008 23,298,640 5,854,172 3,448,626 6,613,815
Ghana 2014 2014 26,962,563 6,847,041 3,890,124 7,848,605
Ghana 2016 2016 28,482,000 7,098,691 4,021,328 N/A
Ghana 2019* 2019 31,522,290 7,929,568 4,303,456 N/A
Guinea 1999 1999 8,653,769 1,950,229 1,474,581 1,784,257
Guinea 2005 2005 9,679,745 2,192,444 1,630,331 2,009,591
Guinea 2012 2012 11,281,469 2,590,751 1,827,671 2,436,463
Guinea 2018 2018 12,414,000 3,015,710 2,019,747 3,018,594
Guinea 2021* 2021 13,531,906 3,281,338 2,906,581 N/A
India 1992 1992-1993 915,039,462 218,161,413 N/A N/A
India 1998 1999 1,034,539,214 255,136,226 N/A N/A
India 2005 2006 1,161,977,719 293,289,067 129,542,985 333,411,071
India 2015 2015-2016 1,316,612,667 339,075,272 118,983,308 401,150,161
India 2019 2019 1,383,112,051 360,235,000 117,955,887 425,714,486
Jordan 1990 1990 3,560,582 743,732 599,474 N/A
Jordan 1997 1997 4,832,267 1,140,076 732,034 N/A
Jordan 2002 2002 5,287,488 1,301,127 762,550 N/A
Jordan 2007 2007 6,193,191 1,570,408 877,362 N/A
Jordan 2009 2009 6,821,116 1,741,643 957,497 N/A
Jordan 2012 2012 7,992,573 2,059,351 1,090,331 N/A
Jordan 2017 2017 9,702,353 2,543,517 1,139,744 2,954,828
Kenya 1989 1989 N/A 4,855,967 4,437,803 N/A
Kenya 1993 1993 25,754,114 5,792,284 4,635,673 4,540,982
Kenya 1998 1998 29,769,803 7,020,281 N/A 7,343,307
Kenya 2003 2003 34,130,852 8,263,802 6,007,359 8,710,818
Kenya 2008 2008-2009 39,692,810 9,692,723 6,599,583 10,119,328
Kenya 2014 2014 46,024,250 11,500,737 7,034,659 12,185,998
Kenya 2015* 2015 46,851,488 11,751,366 6,812,946 N/A
Kenya 2020* 2020 51,985,780 13,388,164 6,882,906
Lesotho 2004 2004 1,933,728 522,253 266,618 512,333
Lesotho 2009 2009 2,019,209 521,808 251,837 461,619
Lesotho 2014 2014 2,145,785 531,403 243,376 601,421
Liberia 1986 1986 N/A 481,267 400,118 N/A
Liberia 2007 2007 3,462,000 810,108 585,734 811,553
Liberia 2009* 2009 3,905,065 914,558 667,169 N/A
Liberia 2011* 2011 4,181,149 989,491 694,445 N/A
Liberia 2013 2013 4,248,000 996,771 676,953 1,004,637
Liberia 2016* 2016 4,706,097 1,122,845 732,041 N/A
Liberia 2019 2019-2020 4,937,000 1,172,045 730,151 1,339,131
Madagascar 1992 1992 12,301,336 2,791,164 2,226,883 N/A
Madagascar 1997 1997 14,347,854 3,299,671 N/A N/A
Madagascar 2003 2003-2004 17,541,069 4,056,293 3,032,413 4,335,773
Madagascar 2008 2009 20,569,121 4,824,663 3,291,452 5,125,605
Madagascar 2011* 2011 22,348,158 5,278,520 3,604,577 N/A
Madgascar 2013* 2013 23,588,073 5,635,326 3,698,341 N/A
Madgascar 2016* 2016 25,501,940 6,186,033 3,811,140 N/A
Madgascar 2021 2021 28,915,653 7,143,000 4,150,959 8,002,669
Malawi 1992 1992 9,729,717 2,240,273 1,800,342 1,795,943
Malawi 2000 2000 11,376,172 2,540,489 2,013,864 2,579,604
Malawi 2004 2004 12,676,038 2,855,104 2,229,020 2,839,138
Malawi 2010 2010 15,167,095 3,605,450 2,632,444 3,397,511
Malawi 2012* 2012 15,581,250 3,639,035 2,790,637 N/A
Malawi 2014* 2014 16,477,966 3,895,514 2,842,450 N/A
Malawi 2016 2015-2016 17,832,591 4,247,616 2,871,814 4,174,095
Malawi 2017* 2017 17,881,167 4,388,501 2,896,304 N/A
Mali 1987 1987 N/A 1,763,537 1,502,531 1,398,006
Mali 1995 1996 9,856,810 2,159,946 N/A 2,229,329
Mali 2001 2001 11,293,258 2,508,066 2,140,554 2,676,623
Mali 2006 2006 13,227,064 2,929,029 2,570,891 3,156,418
Mali 2012 2012-2013 16,242,244 2,929,029 3,092,941 3,808,347
Mali 2015* 2015 18,122,906 3,909,883 3,474,878 N/A
Mali 2018 2018 19,078,000 4,237,636 3,460,191 4,607,083
Morocco 1987 1987 N/A 5,513,204 3,530,682 N/A
Mali 2021* 2021 21,940,983 4,838,464 4,004,172 N/A
Morocco 1987 1987 N/A 5,513,204 3,530,682 N/A
Morocco 1992 1992 25,791,494 6,278,977 3,320,972 N/A
Morocco 2003 2003-2004 30,011,611 8,266,585 3,030,272 N/A
Mozambique 1997 1997 16,701,351 4,021,164 N/A 3,953,056
Mozambique 2003 2003 19,716,598 4,667,609 3,509,378 4,674,084
Mozambique 2011 2011 24,939,005 5,802,826 4,256,094 5,871,003
Mozambique 2018* 2018 29,423,878 7,010,637 4,930,573 N/A
Myanmar 2015 2016 52,885,223 14,779,062 4,574,474 13,922,158
Namibia 1992 1992 1,513,721 365,630 253,611 N/A
Namibia 2000 2000 1,899,257 453,953 265,430 454,642
Namibia 2006 2006-2007 2,067,825 521,030 256,059 483,997
Namibia 2013 2013 2,316,520 592,648 313,885 633,520
Nepal 1996 1996 21,903,379 5,099,064 N/A N/A
Nepal 2001 2001 24,161,777 5,875,083 3,601,164 N/A
Nepal 2006 2006 25,940,618 6,465,879 3,243,134 6,932,945
Nepal 2011 2011 27,327,147 7,167,548 2,983,473 6,255,218
Nepal 2016 2016 28,982,771 8,191,447 2,769,163 5,982,377
Niger 1992 1992 8,549,424 1,930,776 1,726,439 N/A
Niger 1998 1998 10,556,549 2,331,792 N/A 2,433,587
Niger 2006 2006 14,132,064 3,021,308 2,960,305 3,210,796
Niger 2012 2012 17,731,634 3,719,311 3,690,051 3,998,300
Niger 2021* 2021 25,252,722 5,282,509 4,972,176 N/A
Nigeria 1990 1990 95,269,988 21,183,489 16,798,895 N/A
Nigeria 1999 1999 119,327,073 27,297,602 N/A 31,980,551
Nigeria 2003 2003 131,972,533 30,337,515 23,022,562 34,321,588
Nigeria 2008 2008 150,347,390 34,443,289 26,384,573 38,986,888
Nigeria 2010* 2010 160,952,853 36,517,424 28,689,711 N/A
Nigeria 2013 2013 171,829,303 39,168,093 29,803,348 40,172,138
Nigeria 2015* 2015 183,995,784 41,698,648 31,790,446 N/A
Nigeria 2018 2018 195,875,000 44,911,135 32,917,192 51,133,103
Nigeria 2021 2021 25,252,722 5,282,509 4,972,176 N/A
Pakistan 1991 1991 110,730,420 24,167,853 19,020,728 N/A
Pakistan 2006 2006-2007 158,713,484 39,038,356 22,951,664 N/A
Pakistan 2012 2012-2013 179,812,064 45,302,230 24,769,451 N/A
Pakistan 2017 2017-2018 198,914,887 52,578,242 26,849,896 N/A
Rwanda 1992 1992 6,701,851 1,519,875 1,166,460 N/A
Rwanda 2000 2000 8,025,703 1,951,880 1,289,528 1,952,347
Rwanda 2005 2005 8,991,735 2,277,024 1,406,000 2,304,652
Rwanda 2008 2008 9,708,169 2,389,075 N/A 2,517,409
Rwanda 2010 2010-2011 10,381,457 2,600,325 1,578,409 2,668,333
Rwanda 2013* 2013 11,101,349 2,769,168 1,674,146 N/A
Rwanda 2014 2015 11,629,553 2,913,666 1,663,977 2,972,539
Rwanda 2017* 2017 12,230,399 3,105,822 1,768,370 N/A
Rwanda 2019 2019 12,627,000 3,270,192 1,848,859 3,415,249
Sao Tome 2008 2008 173,500 41,192 29,162 44,234
Senegal 1986 1986 N/A 1,431,884 1,279,819 N/A
Senegal 1992 1993 8,272,170 1,823,446 1,423,173 1,659,189
Senegal 1997 1997 9,196,528 2,093,315 1,583,193 1,897,706
Senegal 2005 2015 11,251,266 2,719,163 1,843,683 2,718,601
Senegal 2006* 2006 11,263,386 2,720,658 1,885,734 N/A
Senegal 2008* 2008 11,872,929 2,876,397 1,994,266 N/A
Senegal 2010 2010-2011 13,108,570 3,205,854 2,147,173 3,116,437
Senegal 2012 2013 14,120,320 3,447,223 2,285,853 N/A
Senegal 2014 2014 14,546,111 3,548,342 2,395,731 3,478,662
Senegal 2015 2015 14,976,994 3,651,545 2,445,327 3,581,937
Senegal 2016 2016 15,411,614 3,755,639 2,491,260 3,695,862
Senegal 2017 2017 15,850,567 3,780,022 2,527,102 3,817,422
Senegal 2018 2018 15,854,000 3,889,064 2,556,654 3,945,754
Senegal 2019 2019 16,296,000 4,001,600 2,584,884 4,079,695
Senegal 2021* 2021 16,876,720 4,150,251 2,570,764 N/A
Sierra Leone 2008 2008 6,134,000 1,423,462 1,031,010 1,585,609
Sierra Leone 2013 2013 6,864,000 1,630,246 1,088,091 1,818,146
Sierra Leone 2016* 2016 7,493,913 1,796,938 1,135,831 N/A
Sierra Leone 2019 2019 7,813,000 1,914,452 1,147,311 2,145,980
South Africa 1998 1998 44,372,112 11,405,802 4,917,122 N/A
South Africa 2016 2016 56,015,473 15,361,616 5,815,375 17,560,767
Sri Lanka 1987 1987 N/A 4,285,166 1,883,178 N/A
Sudan 1989 1990 N/A 4,538,588 3,430,619 N/A
Swaziland/Eswatini 2006-2007 2006-2007 1,039,500 276,028 146,087 230,997
Tanzania 1991 1991-1992 26,767,316 6,083,931 4,710,997 6,507,157
Tanzania 1996 1996 30,811,854 7,067,681 5,383,096 7,628,848
Tanzania 1999 1999 33,291,540 7,680,987 5,627,864 8,260,161
Tanzania 2004 2004-2005 38,830,265 8,970,030 6,576,269 8,698,232
Tanzania 2010 2010 46,098,591 10,699,748 7,901,238 10,360,800
Tanzania 2015 2015 54,726,079 12,505,739 8,770,560 12,023,991
Togo 1988 1988 N/A 791,536 653,615 N/A
Togo 1998 1998 4,632,000 1,090,414 N/A 1,166,764
Togo 2013 2013 7,046,500 1,710,262 1,118,068 1,826,479
Togo 2017* 2017 7,852,795 1,886,847 1,201,899 N/A
Tunisia 1988 1988 N/A 1,879,989 N/A N/A
Uganda 1988 1988 N/A 3,610,562 3,180,747 N/A
Uganda 1995 1995 20,550,291 4,478,426 N/A 4,574,567
Uganda 2001 2000-2001 24,447,083 5,310,004 4,880,433 5,412,586
Uganda 2006 2006 29,550,662 6,428,534 5,654,524 6,394,211
Uganda 2009* 2009 31,412,520 6,990,075 6,073,701 N/A
Uganda 2011 2011 35,093,648 7,763,841 6,424,520 7,546,465
Uganda 2014* 2014 36,336,539 8,257,632 6,691,768 N/A
Uganda 2016 2016 41,487,965 9,407,843 7,198,326 9,150,659
Uganda 2018* 2018 41,515,395 9,812,528 7,169,760 N/A
Yemen 1991 1991-1992 12,993,599 2,590,477 2,654,203 N/A
Yemen 2013 2013 25,576,322 6,273,305 3,836,334 N/A
Zambia 1992 1992 8,452,275 1,900,779 1,556,522 N/A
Zambia 1996 1996 9,394,304 2,141,754 1,703,367 2,281,228
Zambia 2001 2001-2002 10,972,267 2,520,632 1,977,954 2,634,343
Zambia 2007 2007 12,725,974 2,918,330 2,340,873 3,037,594
Zambia 2013 2013-2014 15,387,092 3,619,567 2,645,670 3,667,321
Zambia 2018 2018 17,352,000 4,192,481 2,868,914 4,418,150
Zimbabwe 1988 1988 N/A 2,126,517 1,699,763 N/A
Zimbabwe 1994 1994 11,116,948 2,600,804 N/A 2,763,194
Zimbabwe 1999 1999 12,064,537 2,981,933 1,690,994 2,944,033
Zimbabwe 2005 2005 12,940,032 3,324,704 1,771,441 2,974,869
Zimbabwe 2010 2010-2011 14,236,483 3,693,940 1,997,281 3,101,688
Zimbabwe 2015 2015 15,777,451 4,099,066 2,258,788 3,286,428
Population estimates retrieved: July 2021 *Asterisk (*) after sample name indicates the sample is an MIS survey. ^ indicates the sample isn't available in population weighting variables until the UN releases officially numbers for the given country and year.
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